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We have also compiled a collection of papers on space microbiology in an online resource to provide a more comprehensive historical perspective of this kind of work (see http://www.mendeley.com/groups/844031/microbiology-of-the-built-environment/papers/added/0/tag/space/).
The microbial census of ISS surfaces presented here is a component of a larger project (Project MERCCURI) which was
done not just undertaken for
the science but also both scientific reasons as well as for its outreach and education potential. Project MERCCURI (Microbial Ecology Research Combining Citizen and University Researchers on the ISS) is a collaborative effort of UC Davis (microBEnet), Science Cheerleader, NanoRacks, Space Florida, and Scistarter.com.
Project MERCCURI includes three components. Aim 1 involves collecting microbes (by swabbing surfaces) from sporting venues and other high-profile built-environment locations. This component included a concurrent outreach effort in which 2000 "Citizen Scientists" were asked to collect microbes from their cell phones and shoes using sterile swabs. These swabs were sent to Other parts of the
Earth Microbiome Project lab for microbial community analysis. Aim 2 is a bacterial growth assay, in which non-pathogenic project involve growing cultured microbes
collected from the surfaces in Aim 1, "compete" against each other, both on the
surface of the Earth (at UC Davis) ISS and
onboard the ISS. For Aim 3, the results a large-scale biogeography study, but here we focus on a microbial survey of
which are presented here, astronauts were asked to swab 15 surfaces onboard the
ISS to collect microbes for DNA sequence-based identification, a service also provided by the Earth Microbiome Project. ISS.
The 15 surfaces onboard the ISS were chosen by the Project MERCCURI team in an effort to make them analogous to 1) the surfaces sampled with the "Wildlife of Our Homes" project, which asked citizen scientists to swab nine surfaces in their homes, and 2)
the cell phone and shoe other samples that were being collected via Project MERCCURI. The motivation for choosing the sites in this way was both to increase public engagement with the data, as well as to begin to compare the microbial ecology of our homes on Earth with our only home in space.
Because the cell phone and shoe sequence data associated with this project are not available at this time, we will include those comparisons in a future publication. However, we do We also present a comparison to another relevant citizen science project, Belly Button Biodiversity. This project was selected to represent the potential human contribution to the microbial life on the ISS.