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##Comparison to rooms with mechanical ventilation or open windows.  Kembel et al., 2012 \cite{Kembel_2012}, showed that rooms in a health-care facility that were primarily ventilated via an open window had greater phylogenetic diversity and lower proportion of OTUs closely related to known human pathogens than rooms that were mechanically ventilated. The only window on the ISS is never opened, and the doors are opened only briefly, every few months. Therefore, we hypothesized that for the samples from the ISS, the phylogenetic diversity would be lower and the proportion of OTUs closely related to known human pathogens would be higher than that seen for mechanically ventilated rooms. To test this hypothesis, we obtained the list of known human pathogens compiled by Kembel _et al._, 2012, and followed their procedure to identify the proportion of OTUs in the ISS samples that were closely related to them (see Methods for details). Surprisingly, but reassuringly, we found that the ISS samples are similar in both phylogenetic diversity and the proportion of OTUs closely related to known human pathogens as compared to the mechanically ventilated rooms in the health-are health-care  facility (FigureKembel).