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Jenna M. Lang edited Summary.md
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We also used PICRUSt to predict the functional potential of the microbiota associated with each meal in this study. Of course, this is not a perfect substitute for metagenomic sequencing or experimental studies, but it does allow one to develop some initial hypotheses related to the function of a microbial community. For example, between diet types, the most significant difference in KEGG functional categories was for “other N-glycan degradation.” This function was over-represented in the Vegan diet, which is perhaps not surprising given that cellulose is a glycan, and the Vegan diet is significantly higher in cellulose than the others. This suggests that when one consumes a diet that is high in cellulose, one also consumes a population of microbes that is well equipped to digest cellulose.
It is possible that part of the high variation in gut microbiota composition observed among individuals is due to the specific and complex differences in diet beyond the
simple dietary aspects nutrient composition that can be estimated from dietary records and recalls. This study begs the question:
are do the microbes we eat as part of our normal daily diets
involved in contribute to the composition and function of our gut microbiota? There are many questions that remain to be answered.
Do Under what circumstances do microbes consumed as part of meals
reamin remain in the gastrointestinal tract
only transiently
versus persistently following a
meal or can their presence be detected in the longer term? meal? Do
food the microbes
we eat affect the function of the
resident gut
microbiota microbiota, even if they do not affect its composition, as has been suggested by some yogurt feeding studies \cite{McNulty_2011}? How do different cooking and preparation methods affect the microbe composition of meals and the survival characteristics of individual microbes through the gastrointestinal tract? How do specific factors such as length of transport or provenance of individual ingredients (e.g. imported vs. domestic), packaging materials, and handling of ingredients in homes alter the microbial composition of foods? The findings of this study suggest that the microbes we eat as part of normal diets vary in absolute
amount, abundance, community composition, and
function depending function. This variation depends on the specific ingredients in the meals, whether and how the foods are prepared and processed, and other potential
factors factors, not explored here, including the provenance of ingredients. The
impact significance of
these variations this variation on the
overall gut microbiota composition and
function of individuals function, and its impact on human health remains to be elucidated.