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In this study we estimated for the first time the total amounts of microorganisms consumed in a day by an average American adult. We analyzed meals representing three typical dietary patterns, including the Average American, USDA recommended, and Vegan diet, and found that Americans likely consume in the range of 106 – 109 CFU microbes per day. The USDA meal plan included two meals with non-heat treated fermented foods, which were likely responsible for the 3-fold higher total microbes in this meal plan compared to the AA and VEG diets. (discussion about known literature showing that heat treatment kills bacteria and about content of live bacteria in fermented foods). It is unknown what proportion of the microbes we eat make it through the hostile environment of the gastrointestinal tract. (info about the stomach acid and bile etc)   Studies are needed to evaluate whether the microbes we eat through foods shape and influence the microbial ecology of the colon. (Discussion about the microbial ecology results.)  We used PICRUSt to predict the functional potential of the microbiota associated with each meal in this study. Of course, this is not a perfect substitute for metagenomic sequencing or (even better) experimental studies, but it does allow one to develop some initial hypotheses related to the function of a microbial community. For example, between diet types, the most significant difference in KEGG functional categories was for “other N-glycan degradation (KO??).” This function is over-represented in the Vegan diet, which is perhaps not surprising given that cellulose is a glycan, and the Vegan diet is significantly higher in cellulose than the others. This suggests that when one consumes a diet that is high in cellulose, one also consumes a population of microbes that is well equipped to digest cellulose. This is an intuitive, if not groundbreaking, result that could certainly lead to interesting follow-up questions.