srodney Filled in observations text, added some macros to header.tex  over 8 years ago

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\section{Observations}\label{sec:Observations}  TODO: discuss The transient \spock\ was discovered in HST imaging collected as part  of the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) survey (HST-PID:13496, PI:Lotz), a  multi-cycle program observing 6 massive galaxy clusters and associated  ``blank sky'' parallel fields. Several HST observing programs have  provided additional observations supplementing the core HFF program.  One of these is the FrontierSN program (HST-PID:13386, PI:Rodney),  which aims to identify and study explosive transients found in  the HFF and related programs. The FrontierSN team discovered \spock\ in two  separate HFF observing campaigns on the galaxy cluster  \MACS0416\ (hereafter, MACS0416). The first was an  imaging campaign  in January, 2014 during which the MACS0416 cluster field was observed  in optical bands using the Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field  Camera (ACS-WFC). The second concluded in August, 2014,  and imaged  the cluster with the infrared detector of HST's Wide Field Camera 3  (WFC3-IR).  To discover transient sources, the  FrontierSN team processes each new  epoch of HST  data processing.   TODO: add through  a table difference imaging  pipeline\footnote{\url{https://github.com/srodney/sndrizpipe}, using  archival HST images to provide reference images (templates) which are  subtracted from the astrometrically registered HFF images. In the case  of MACS0416, the templates were constructed from images collected as  part of the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey  with photometry. Hubble (CLASH,  HST-PID:12459, PI:Postman). The resulting difference images are  visually inspected for new point sources, and any new transients of  interest (primarily supernovae, SNe) are followed up with additional  HST imaging or ground-based spectroscopic observations as needed. For  a more complete description of the operations of the FrontierSN  program, see \citet{Rodney:2015b}.  The follow-up observations for \spock\ included HST observations in  infrared and optical bands using the WFC3-IR and ACS-WFC detectors,  respectively, as well as spectroscopy of the \spock\ host galaxy using  the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Visible Multi-object  Spectrograph (VIMOS, \textcolor{red}{citation?}), and also using the  X-Shooter cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph  \citep{Vernet:2011}. The X-Shooter observations  (\textcolor{red}{Program ID?}, PI:Hjorth) were taken on October 19th,  21st and 23rd (2014) for a total of 4.5 hours, with the slit centered  on the position of \spock2. The spectrum did not provide any  detection of the transient source itself (as we will see below, it had  already faded back to its quiescent state by that time). However, it  did provide an unambiguous redshift for the host galaxy of  $z=1.0054\pm0.0002$ from \Ha\ and \ion{O}{2}. These line  identifications are consistent with two measures of the photometric  redshift of the host: $z=1.00+-0.02$ from the BPZ algorithm  \citep{Benitez:2000}, and $z=0.92\pm0.05$, derived using the EAZY  program \citep{Brammer:2008}.  TODO: present VLT observations and spec-z add a table with photometry.           

% Specific to this paper:   \newcommand{\spock}{HFF14Spo}  \newcommand{\spockNW}{HFF14Spo1}  \newcommand{\spockSE}{HFF14Spo2}  \newcommand{\spock1}{HFF14Spo1}  \newcommand{\spock2}{HFF14Spo2}  \newcommand{\macs0416}{MACS\,J0416.1-2403}  % Cosmology:  \def\Om{\ensuremath{\Omega_{\rm m}}}  \def\Ot{\ensuremath{\Omega_{\rm tot}}} 

\def\Herschel{{\it Herschel}}  \def\XMM{{\it XMM}}