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% BEGIN MAIN REFERENCES  \medskip  \bibliography{/Users/rodney/Dropbox/bibdesk/bibdesk}{}  % %\bibliography{/Users/rodney/Dropbox/bibdesk/bibdesk}{}  \begin{thebibliography}{10}%  \expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax%  \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi%  \expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi%  \providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}%  \providecommand{\eprint}[2][]{\url{#2}}%   %  \bibitem{Kasliwal:2011a}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Kasliwal}, M.~M.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Discovery of a New Photometric Sub-class of Faint%  and Fast Classical Novae}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{735}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{94} \bibinfo{pages}{94--106}  (\bibinfo{year}{2011}).%   %  \bibitem{Drout:2014}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Drout}, M.~R.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Rapidly Evolving and Luminous Transients from%  Pan-STARRS1}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{794}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{23} \bibinfo{pages}{23--46}  (\bibinfo{year}{2014}).%   %  \bibitem{Berger:2013b}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Berger}, E.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{A Search for Fast Optical Transients in the%  Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey: M-Dwarf Flares, Asteroids, Limits on%  Extragalactic Rates, and Implications for LSST}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{779}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{18} \bibinfo{pages}{18--29}  (\bibinfo{year}{2013}).%   %  \bibitem{Tyson:2002}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Tyson}, J.~A.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Large Synoptic Survey Telescope: Overview}}.%  \newblock In \bibinfo{editor}{{Tyson}, J.~A.} \& \bibinfo{editor}{{Wolff}, S.}%  (eds.) \emph{\bibinfo{booktitle}{Survey and Other Telescope Technologies and%  Discoveries}}, vol. \bibinfo{volume}{4836} of \emph{\bibinfo{series}{Society%  of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{10--20} (\bibinfo{year}{2002}).%   %  \bibitem{Lotz:2017}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Lotz}, J.~M.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{The Frontier Fields: Survey Design and Initial%  Results}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{837}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{97} \bibinfo{pages}{97--121}  (\bibinfo{year}{2017}).%   %  \bibitem{Zitrin:2013a}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Zitrin}, A.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{CLASH: The Enhanced Lensing Efficiency of the Highly%  Elongated Merging Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apjl}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{762}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{L30} (\bibinfo{year}{2013}).%   %  \bibitem{Jauzac:2014}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Jauzac}, M.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Hubble Frontier Fields: a high-precision%  strong-lensing analysis of galaxy cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403 using 200 multiple%  images}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\mnras}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{443}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{1549--1554} (\bibinfo{year}{2014}).%   %  \bibitem{Johnson:2014}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Johnson}, T.~L.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Lens Models and Magnification Maps of the Six Hubble%  Frontier Fields Clusters}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{797}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{48} \bibinfo{pages}{48--79}  (\bibinfo{year}{2014}).%   %  \bibitem{Richard:2014}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Richard}, J.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Mass and magnification maps for the Hubble Space%  Telescope Frontier Fields clusters: implications for high-redshift studies}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\mnras}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{444}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{268--289} (\bibinfo{year}{2014}).%   %  \bibitem{Diego:2015a}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Diego}, J.~M.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{A free-form lensing grid solution for A1689 with new%  multiple images}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\mnras}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{446}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{683--704} (\bibinfo{year}{2015}).%   %  \bibitem{Grillo:2015}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Grillo}, C.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{CLASH-VLT: Insights on the Mass Substructures in the%  Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 through Accurate Strong Lens%  Modeling}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{800}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{38} \bibinfo{pages}{38--60}  (\bibinfo{year}{2015}).%   %  \bibitem{Hoag:2016}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Hoag}, A.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS).%  VI. Comparing the Mass and Light in MACS J0416.1-2403 Using Frontier Field%  Imaging and GLASS Spectroscopy}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{831}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{182} \bibinfo{pages}{182--202}  (\bibinfo{year}{2016}).%   %  \bibitem{Sebesta:2016}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Sebesta}, K.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Williams}, L.~L.~R.},%  \bibinfo{author}{{Mohammed}, I.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Saha}, P.} \&%  \bibinfo{author}{{Liesenborgs}, J.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Testing light-traces-mass in Hubble Frontier Fields%  Cluster MACS-J0416.1-2403}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\mnras}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{461}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{2126--2134} (\bibinfo{year}{2016}).%   %  \bibitem{Caminha:2017}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Caminha}, G.~B.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{A refined mass distribution of the cluster MACS%  J0416.1-2403 from a new large set of spectroscopic multiply lensed sources}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\aap}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{600}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{A90} (\bibinfo{year}{2017}).%   %  \bibitem{Karoff:2016}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Karoff}, C.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Observational evidence for enhanced magnetic%  activity of superflare stars}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Nature Communications}}%  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{7}}, \bibinfo{pages}{11058} (\bibinfo{year}{2016}).%   %  \bibitem{Fregeau:2004}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Fregeau}, J.~M.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Cheung}, P.},%  \bibinfo{author}{{Portegies Zwart}, S.~F.} \& \bibinfo{author}{{Rasio},%  F.~A.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Stellar collisions during binary-binary and%  binary-single star interactions}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\mnras}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{352}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{1--19} (\bibinfo{year}{2004}).%   %  \bibitem{Metzger:2012}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Metzger}, B.~D.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Giannios}, D.} \&%  \bibinfo{author}{{Spiegel}, D.~S.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Optical and X-ray transients from planet-star%  mergers}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\mnras}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{425}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{2778--2798} (\bibinfo{year}{2012}).%   %  \bibitem{Yamazaki:2017}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Yamazaki}, R.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Hayasaki}, K.} \&%  \bibinfo{author}{{Loeb}, A.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Optical-infrared flares and radio afterglows by%  Jovian planets inspiraling into their host stars}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\mnras}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{466}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{1421--1427} (\bibinfo{year}{2017}).%   %  \bibitem{Di-Stefano:2015}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Di Stefano}, R.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Fisher}, R.},%  \bibinfo{author}{{Guillochon}, J.} \& \bibinfo{author}{{Steiner}, J.~F.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Death by Dynamics: Planetoid-Induced Explosions on%  White Dwarfs}}.  % \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{ArXiv e-prints}} Dwarfs}}  (\bibinfo{year}{2015}). %   % \newblock \eprint{arXiv:1501.07837}.  \bibitem{Kulkarni:2007}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Kulkarni}, S.~R.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{An unusually brilliant transient in the galaxy%  M85}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\nat}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{447}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{458--460} (\bibinfo{year}{2007}).%   %  \bibitem{Gal-Yam:2012}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Gal-Yam}, A.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Luminous Supernovae}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Science}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{337}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{927--} \bibinfo{pages}{927--932}  (\bibinfo{year}{2012}).%   %  \bibitem{Foley:2013a}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Foley}, R.~J.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Type Iax Supernovae: A New Class of Stellar%  Explosion}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{767}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{57} \bibinfo{pages}{57--85}  (\bibinfo{year}{2013}).%   %  \bibitem{Kasliwal:2012}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Kasliwal}, M.~M.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Calcium-rich Gap Transients in the Remote Outskirts%  of Galaxies}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{755}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{161} \bibinfo{pages}{161--175}  (\bibinfo{year}{2012}).%   %  \bibitem{Li:1998}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Li}, L.-X.} \& \bibinfo{author}{{Paczy{\'n}ski}, B.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Transient Events from Neutron Star Mergers}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apjl}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{507}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{L59--L62} (\bibinfo{year}{1998}).%   %  \bibitem{Tanvir:2013}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Tanvir}, N.~R.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{A `kilonova' associated with the short-duration%  {$\gamma$}-ray burst GRB 130603B}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\nat}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{500}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{547--549} (\bibinfo{year}{2013}).%   %  \bibitem{Jin:2016}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Jin}, Z.-P.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{The Macronova in GRB 050709 and the GRB-macronova%  connection}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{Nature Communications}}%  \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{7}}, \bibinfo{pages}{12898} (\bibinfo{year}{2016}).%   %  \bibitem{Bildsten:2007}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Bildsten}, L.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Shen}, K.~J.},%  \bibinfo{author}{{Weinberg}, N.~N.} \& \bibinfo{author}{{Nelemans}, G.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Faint Thermonuclear Supernovae from AM Canum%  Venaticorum Binaries}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apjl}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{662}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{L95--L98} (\bibinfo{year}{2007}).%   %  \bibitem{Barnes:2013}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Barnes}, J.} \& \bibinfo{author}{{Kasen}, D.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Effect of a High Opacity on the Light Curves of%  Radioactively Powered Transients from Compact Object Mergers}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{775}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{18} \bibinfo{pages}{18--27}  (\bibinfo{year}{2013}).%   %  \bibitem{Kasen:2015}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Kasen}, D.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Fern{\'a}ndez}, R.} \&%  \bibinfo{author}{{Metzger}, B.~D.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Kilonova light curves from the disc wind outflows of%  compact object mergers}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\mnras}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{450}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{1777--1786} (\bibinfo{year}{2015}).%   %  \bibitem{Shen:2010}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Shen}, K.~J.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Kasen}, D.},%  \bibinfo{author}{{Weinberg}, N.~N.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Bildsten}, L.} \&%  \bibinfo{author}{{Scannapieco}, E.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Thermonuclear .Ia Supernovae from Helium Shell%  Detonations: Explosion Models and Observables}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{715}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{767--774} (\bibinfo{year}{2010}).%   %  \bibitem{Smith:2011b}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Smith}, N.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Li}, W.},%  \bibinfo{author}{{Silverman}, J.~M.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Ganeshalingam}, M.}%  \& \bibinfo{author}{{Filippenko}, A.~V.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Luminous blue variable eruptions and related%  transients: diversity of progenitors and outburst properties}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\mnras}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{415}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{773--810} (\bibinfo{year}{2011}).%   %  \bibitem{Kochanek:2012}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Kochanek}, C.~S.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Szczygie{\l}}, D.~M.} \&%  \bibinfo{author}{{Stanek}, K.~Z.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Unmasking the Supernova Impostors}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{758}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{142} \bibinfo{pages}{142--173}  (\bibinfo{year}{2012}).%   %  \bibitem{Maza:2009}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Maza}, J.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{Supernova 2009ip in ngc 7259}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{CBET}} \bibinfo{pages}{1}%  (\bibinfo{year}{2009}).%   %  \bibitem{Pastorello:2013}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Pastorello}, A.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Interacting Supernovae and Supernova Impostors: 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\bibinfo{title}{{Comprehensive Photometric Histories of All Known%  Galactic Recurrent Novae}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apjs}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{187}},%  \bibinfo{pages}{275--373} (\bibinfo{year}{2010}).%   %  \bibitem{Tang:2014}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Tang}, S.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{An Accreting White Dwarf near the Chandrasekhar%  Limit in the Andromeda Galaxy}}.%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{786}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{61} \bibinfo{pages}{61--68}  (\bibinfo{year}{2014}).%   %  \bibitem{Darnley:2016}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Darnley}, M.~J.} \emph{et~al.}%  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{M31N 2008-12a - The Remarkable Recurrent Nova in%  M31: Panchromatic Observations of the 2015 Eruption.}}%  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{833}}, % \bibinfo{pages}{149} \bibinfo{pages}{149--186}  (\bibinfo{year}{2016}).%   %  \bibitem{Yaron:2005}%  \bibinfo{author}{{Yaron}, O.}, 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\newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Illuminating a Dark Lens : A Type Ia Supernova  Magnified by the Frontier Fields Galaxy Cluster Abell 2744}}.  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{811}},  \bibinfo{pages}{70} \bibinfo{pages}{70--88}  (\bibinfo{year}{2015}). \bibitem{Postman:2012}  \bibinfo{author}{{Postman}, M.} \emph{et~al.}  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{The Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with  Hubble: An Overview}}.  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apjs}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{199}},  \bibinfo{pages}{25} \bibinfo{pages}{25--47}  (\bibinfo{year}{2012}). \bibitem{Jones:2015}  \bibinfo{author}{{Jones}, D.~O.}, \bibinfo{author}{{Scolnic}, D.~M.} \&  \bibinfo{author}{{Rodney}, S.~A.}  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{PythonPhot: Simple DAOPHOT-type photometry in  Python}}.  \newblock \bibinfo{howpublished}{Astrophysics Source Code Library} Library, {record  ascl:1501.010}}  (\bibinfo{year}{2015}). \bibitem{Vernet:2011}  \bibinfo{author}{{Vernet}, J.} \emph{et~al.} 

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\newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Precise Strong Lensing Mass Modeling of Four Hubble  Frontier Field Clusters and a Sample of Magnified High-redshift Galaxies}}.  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{819}},  \bibinfo{pages}{114} \bibinfo{pages}{114--142}  (\bibinfo{year}{2016}). \bibitem{Oguri:2010b}  \bibinfo{author}{{Oguri}, M.}  \newblock \bibinfo{title}{{The Mass Distribution of SDSS J1004+4112  Revisited}}.  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\pasj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{62}},  \bibinfo{pages}{1017--} \bibinfo{pages}{1017--1024}  (\bibinfo{year}{2010}). \bibitem{Suyu:2010b}  \bibinfo{author}{{Suyu}, S.~H.} \& \bibinfo{author}{{Halkola}, A.} 

\newblock \bibinfo{title}{{Disentangling Baryons and Dark Matter in the Spiral  Gravitational Lens B1933+503}}.  \newblock \emph{\bibinfo{journal}{\apj}} \textbf{\bibinfo{volume}{750}},  \bibinfo{pages}{10} \bibinfo{pages}{10--24}  (\bibinfo{year}{2012}). \bibitem{Liesenborgs:2006}  \bibinfo{author}{{Liesenborgs}, J.}, \bibinfo{author}{{De Rijcke}, S.} \& 

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