srodney added color sec. minor rearrangements  almost 8 years ago

Commit id: 1ddbffa77b521c8be848131864d08b8ff8111d05

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separated by $\sim$120 days in the rest frame (240 days in the  observer frame). \label{itm:TwoEvents}}  \item{\label{obs:timedelay} Lensing models predict a time delay between the two host images  of $\pm50$ $\pm60$  days or less in the observer frame.} \item{\label{obs:timescale} Each event lasted for $<$15 rest-frame days\label{itm:FastLC}}  \item{\label{obs:luminosity} After correcting for lensing magnification of $\mu\sim30$, both  events reach a peak luminosity of $\sim10^{41}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ 

that the observed transient events must be coincident both in space  and time. All lensing models evaluated here agree that spatial  coincidence in the source plane is entirely plausible, but coincidence  in time is highly unlikely. For %If the two observed transient events are actually two images of the  %same physical episode, appearing separately only because of  %gravitational lensing, then the model predictions for  this scenario to time delay  %should  be tenable, consistent with the observed 8 month separation between the  %January and August 2014 appearances. In fact, we find that  None of the lensing models predict an 8 month time delay between  appearances in image 11.1 and 11.2. This is represented in  Figure~\ref{fig:SpockDelayPredictions}, where we have plotted the  light curves for the two transient events, along with shaded bars  marking the time delay predictions of all models. The models are  broadly consistent with each other, predicting that the lensing time  delay between images 11.1 and 11.2 is on the order of $\pm$60 days,  far short of the 238 day lag that was observed between \spockone\ and  \spocktwo. To accept the single-explosion explanation of Scenario  \ref{case:timedelay},  we would have to assume that a large systematic bias is similarly affecting all of the lens models. While we cannot rule this out, it makes the single explosion model significantly less tenable.Under this scenario, the optical observations in January, 2014 and the  infrared observations in August, 2014 are from the same explosion. At  redshift $z=1$ these translate to rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) and  optical wavelengths, respectively, and in Figure \textcolor{red}{TBD}  we examine whether the observed colors in these bands are consistent  with the spectral energy distributions observed for known transients.  \todo{Line up the events at peak, measure colors, compare to SNe,  novae, kilonovae, .Ia, and fast optical transients}. We can not  compare the UV to optical colors, since that would require a  correction for differential magnification, and for this scenario we  have already assumed that the lens models are unreliable. \todo{Are  the colors viable?}         

as a leading image, and others have it as a trailing image. However,  the models do consistently predict that the separation in time between  those two images should be roughly in the range of 1 to 60 days.  If the two observed transient events are actually two images of the  same physical episode, appearing separately only because of  gravitational lensing, then the model predictions for this time delay  should be consistent with the observed 8 month separation between the  January and August 2014 appearances. In fact, we find that none of  the lensing models predict an 8 month time delay between appearances  in image 11.1 and 11.2. This is represented in  Figure~\ref{fig:SpockDelayPredictions}, where we have plotted the  light curves for the two transient events, along with shaded bars  demarcating the time delay predictions of all models. The models are  broadly consistent with each other, predicting that the lensing time  delay between images 11.1 and 11.2 is on the order of $\pm$50 days,  far short of the 238 day lag that was observed between \spockone\ and  \spocktwo. This strongly suggests that the two observed events are not  gravitational echoes of a single explosive transient episode, but  instead must have originated as two distinct physical events in the  source plane.  % We are left then with two possible scenarios: (a) the  % two events are not physically associated, in which case they may each  % be the result of a separate catastrophic explosion like a supernova or  % kilonova that would leave the progenitor system completely disrupted;  % or (b) the two events originated from the same astrophysical system,  % which must therefore be a source of recurrent explosive transient  % episodes. We evaluate physical systems that could match these two  % scenarios in the following sections.  %          

%evaluate whether or how these sources might be spatially or temporally  %related in the source plane.  \subsection{Color Curves}  At redshift $z=1$ the observed optical and infrared bands translate to  rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) and optical wavelengths, respectively. To  derive rest-frame UV and optical colors from the observed photometry,  we start with the measured magnitude in a relatively blue band (F435W  and F606W for \spockone and F105W, F125W, F140W for \spocktwo). We  then subtract the coeval magnitude for a matched red band (F814W for  \spockone, F125W or F160W for \spocktwo), derived from the linear fits  to those bands. To adjust these to rest-frame filters, we apply K  corrections \citep[following][]{Hogg:2002}, which we compute by  defining a crude SED via linear interpolation between the observed  broad bands for each transient event at each epoch. For consistency  with past published results, we include in each K correction a  transformation from AB to Vega-based magnitudes. The resulting UV and  optical colors are plotted in Figure~\ref{fig:ColorCurves}. Both  \spockone and \spocktwo show little or no color variation over the  period where color information is available.         

figures/spock_hostgalaxy_properties/spock_hostgalaxy_properties.png  LensingModels.tex  figures/composite_lens_model_contours/composite_lens_model_contours.png  figures/spock_predictions/spock_predictions.png  figures/peakluminosity_vs_declinetime/peakluminosity_vs_declinetime.png  AstrophysicalModels.tex  figures/spock_predictions/spock_predictions.png  Acknowledgments.tex