Chris Spencer edited Introduction.tex  about 10 years ago

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\section{Introduction}  Whistlers Whistler  waves were heard as early as 1886 on long telephone lines. In 1953, Storey showed that whistlers originate from lightning discharges, propogating along field-aligned tubes of density enhancement or depletion. The first experiment to investigate whistler waves in detail was by Stenzel in 1975, in a different plasma with a much higher density but otherwise comparable plasma parameters for this experiment [1]. This experiment seeks to find out what occurs to a plasma and whistler waves when there is a density depletion or duct. In the lab a duct is made in the plasma by placing a a copper circular disc between the wave launch antenna and the plasma source. The disc is biased to collect electrons and in turn creates a density depletion [1]. Using Appleton's equation, simulations of ducted waves were compared to measured ducted waves as well as finding the polarization of these waves due to ducting.