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\begin{itemize}  \item HA: parameter ≠ hypothesized value is known as a two-sided alternative because we are equally interested in deviations on either side of the null hypothesis value.  \item For two-sided alternatives, the p-value is the probability of deviating in either direction from the null hypothesis value.  \item The other two alternative hypotheses are called  \item A one-sided alternative focuses on deviations from the null hypothesis value in only one direction.  \item Thus, the p-value for one-sided alternatives is the probability of deviating only in the direction of the alternative away from the null hypothesis value.  \end{itemize}  \end{itemize}