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10. Why Should CS20 be held here  Historically and through the present day the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for  Astrophysics has been as the forefront of stellar research. The Harvard College  Observatory was founded in 1839 at a time when few such facilities existed in  the United States. Its 38-cm retractor rivaled the largest in the world at its  opening in 1847 and is still available for use on clear nights. Under the  directorship of Edward Charles Pickering from 1877 to 1919, the observatory  became the world's major producer of stellar spectra and magnitudes, and applied  mass-production methods to the analysis of data leading to the creation of the  SAO catalog and the present day spectral classification system. Pickering was  followed by Harlow Shapley. Following Shapley, Donald H. Menzel and then Leo  Goldberg both maintained strong programs in solar and stellar astrophysics.  The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory was established in 1890 in Washington,  D.C., for the specific study of the Sun's radiation. Later SAO focused on the  study of the amount and character of, and variations in, the Sun's energy. For  the next four decades convinced that a link of predictive value existed between  solar variations and the Earth's weather, SAO maintained a solar-monitoring  program that eventually included observing stations in Chile, California, and  the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. In 1955, under a thoroughly modern director, Fred  Whipple, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory relocated to Harvard  University to affiliate with the Harvard College Observatory. The CfA, has led  pioneering research in stellar astrophysics including development of the Skylab  X-ray mirrors to study the Sun and Einstein. It was results from Einstein, as  well as IUE, which led to the first Cool Stars Workshop in 1980. Cool Stars 2  and 3 were also held in Cambridge in the early 1980's.  In terms of more recent history, the announcement of the first  incontrovertible exoplanet occurred at CS 9 (in Florence) - 51 Peg b.  Since then dozens of transiting planets have been discovered as well.  Pioneering work in this field was done at CfA by Noyes, Latham and Charbonneau.  The group is very active,  Charbonneau's team is actively searching for new planets and studying both  primary and secondary eclipse of those which have been found. Gaspar Bakos  leads the HAT search for transiting planets. Matthew Holman  (CfA) and Josh Winn (MIT) have begun the Transit Light Curve (TLC) Project, a  program of monitoring transiting planets with CfA telescopes. Many Scientists  at both the CfA are active in KEPLER which will be launched in 2009.  The first incontrovertible brown dwarf (Gliese 229B) was also announced at  the CS 9 meeting. Local pioneering workers would include Stauffer (while  at SAO), Lada & Allen, (CfA), Luhman (while at CfA) and Burgasser (MIT).  CfA hosts the Harvard Origins of Life initiative as well as the IRAC, AIA (Solar  Dynamics Observatory), XRT (Hinode), HRC (Chandra),  Megacam/Hectospect/Hectoshelle (MMT) instrument teams and is the home of the SMA  and the Chandra X-ray Center.  MIT is host to the Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research. They  are responsible for the ACIS and HETG on Chandra. CfA and MIT are also  collaborating on the TESS project is a proposed NASA SMEX mission. Participants  include Latham, Sasselov, Torres, Bakos, Holman (CfA) as well as Ricker, Seager,  Winn, Elliot, Hewitt, Vanderspek & Burgasser (MIT).  MIT also has a strong Magellan instrumentation group.Projects based at MIT  include the FIRE spectrograph (Simcoe, Burgasser & Schechter), the MagE  spectrograph (Burles, while at MIT) and the Magic imager (Elliot)  The CfA is a large institute with about 350 scientists located in Cambridge. Current  interest of many CfA and MIT astronomers are related to the meeting subjects.  The CfA has active groups in stellar physics, High energy studies of the Sun,  Key areas of interest include Star and Planet Formation  (more than 10 different groups within the CfA) and the Structure and Evolution  of stars and planets (more than 10 different groups within the CfA) as well as  laboratory astrophysics. At MIT groups are working on exoplanet observation and  theory, stellar activity and high energy emission and very low mass stars and  brown dwarfs.