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Rosa edited section_Density_of_states_In__.tex
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We first compute the solution to the time-independent Schrödinger equation for a semi-infinte chain. Our results should coincide with the previous in this report. Let us assume a quite general solution for $\mathcal{H}_W$:
\begin{equation}
|\Psi\rangle =
\sum_{i=1}^{i=\infty} c_{i} |i\rangle \sum_{j=1}^{j=\infty} c_{j} |j\rangle
\end{equation}
Then
\begin{equation}
...
\end{equation}
or
\begin{equation}
H_{W}
\left(\sum_{i=1}^{i=\infty} c_{i} |i>\right) \left(\sum_{j=1}^{j=\infty} c_{j} |j\rangle\right) =E
\left(\sum_{i=1}^\{i=\infty} c_{i} |i>\right) \left(\sum_{j=1}^{j=\infty} c_{j} |j\rangle\right)
\end{equation}
We project onto a state $|m>$ and use the fact that $\langle m | j\rangle=\delta_{m,j}$, the states are an orthornormal basis. Then, we obtain the following
\begin{equation}
c_{i+1}+c_{i-1}=\frac{E-\epsilon_0}{t} c_{j+1}+c_{j-1}=\frac{E-\epsilon_0}{t}
\end{equation}
Let us name $\epsilon=(E-\epsilon_0)/t$
The solution of this equation are left and right plane waves
\begin{equation}
c_j=A e^{ik j} +B e^{-ikj}
\end{equation}
We employ this solution to obtain the eigenenergies
\begin{equation}
A e^{ik (j+1)} +B e^{-ik(j+1)} + A e^{ik (j+1)} +B e^{-ik(j+1)} = \epsilon A e^{ikj)} +B e^{-ikj}
\end{equation}
Then the solution for the energy is $(E-\epsilon_0)/t=2\cos k$, with $E=\epsilon_0+2\cos k$
We determine now the A and B coefficients in $c_j$. For such purpose we just employ the Schrödinger equation for the site $1$:
\begin{equation}
c_2=[(E-\epsilon_0)/t] c_1 = A e^{2ik}+Be^{-2ik}= A e^{ik} + t B e^{-i k} (A e^{ik}+Be^{-ik})
\end{equation}
Then we infer that $A=-B$, and therefore $c_j= 2Ai\sin k j$ with $E=\epsilon+2t\cos k$