Liisa Hirvonen edited Results: Centroiding.tex  almost 9 years ago

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\subsection{FPN and centroiding accuracy}  Photon counting images of the USAF test chart are shown in Fig~\ref{fig_results}. As the photon events are relatively dim compared to the high camera background noise, the sum of the frames without any processing produces a noisy image (Fig~\ref{fig_results}b), while centroiding with one pixel accuracy removes camera the background and produces a clearer image (Fig~\ref{fig_results}c). Centroiding with sub-pixel resolution (Fig~\ref{fig_results}d-f) recovers some of the resolution lost by the electron diffusion in the sensor, as shown in (Fig~\ref{fig_results}g). Fig~\ref{fig_results}g.  The mismatch between the event shape and the centroiding function can lead to fixed pattern noise which can be seen as bright and dark stripes in the centroided image. The level of fixed pattern noise can be quantified by  \begin{equation} 

Fig~\ref{fig_pixelimages}, where the pixels are further divided into a 13$\times$13 grid. The results are summarised in Table~\ref{table:results}. Maximum likelihood (ML) fitting with a Gaussian PSF produces the most uniform distribution of localised positions (Fig~\ref{fig_pixelimages}a) with FPN of 71\%, as well as the finding the highest number of photons. As reported previously,\cite{Hirvonen2014_rsi} the horizontal widening of the photon events, most likely caused by the CCD read-out, causes a bias in the centroided positions and photons are most likely to be found towards the right edge of the pixel. Radial symmetry method produces similar results with a slightly higher FPN of 91\%, but changes the bias to the vertical direction (Fig~\ref{fig_pixelimages}b). Other methods produce results with similar distribution of centroided positions as ML (an example of weighted LS fit with integrated Gaussian PSF is shown in Fig~\ref{fig_pixelimages}c), but with higher FPN and lower photon count.