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### Genetics  An important, collaborative study showed that rare copy number variants (CNVs) increase the risk for Tourette syndrome \cite{Huang_2016,28641109}. This was true both generally for large CNVs, exceeding 1 million pase pairs, and for CNVs previously linked to pathology. Specifically, _NRXN1_ and _CNTN6_ each conferred a substantially increased risk of TS: 20-fold and 10-fold, respectively. These associations give important impetus to research focusing on the cellular effects of these genes and perhaps related treatments. This research also confirms that the clear genetic risk for TS is spread across numerous genes, because only 1% of patients with TS carry risk alleles in these two genes.This conclusion is one of several discussed in a review of genetics of TS that appeared in July, 2016 \cite{27536211}.  A population-based adult twin study of tics, ADHD and OCD found that the co-occurrence of tics and OCD can be partly explained by shared etiological influences \cite{26919823}. The same is true to some extent for tics and ADHD. Another report concluded that social disinhibition in TS is heritable \cite{27371487}. More research examining sub-dimensions of these phenotypes may clarify the situation.