Cheryl Richards edited Phenomenology.md  about 8 years ago

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| The somatotopy of tic inhibition \citep{25786675} | People were better at inhibiting motor tics below the shoulders--which are also the less common tics. This results adds to the potential importance of the long-known rostrocaudal gradient of tic frequency. |  | Tic suppression and quality of life \citep{Matsuda_2015} | Most tic patients frequently try to suppress tics, but find suppressing uncomfortable and distracting. However, those who can suppress tics more effectively report a higher quality of life. |  |  A small study of 17 male adolescents (Balottin et al., 2015) found that the only difference between the TS subjects and 51 age- and gender-matched controls on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent was that the TS subjects scored significantly higher on the Obsessiveness Content Scale. In contrast a study of 50 TS adults in Germany used a variety of instruments to measure psychological symptoms and personality traits. Comorbidities were common with 41% having OCD, 28% being depressed and 26% having ADHD. Patients with OCD had more severe tics and there was a trend for those with ADHD to have more severe tics. Only 29% of the patients had no pathological personality traits. The demand-anxious trait was the most common personality trait (measured with the Inventory of Clinical Personality Accentuations) seen in patients and was present in 39% while histrionic personality traits were not found in any of the subjects. For patients without comorbidities personality traits were comparable to what was seen in the control group. Interestingly, ADHD did not contribute to increased probability of pathological personality traits. Although quality of life was affected by both personality traits and comorbidities, personality traits had a larger impact on quality of life.  |   | Reward enhances tic suppression in children within months of tic disorder onset \citep{Greene_2015_NTsuppress} | One of the largest studies using a tic suppression paradigm, and the first from children with Provisional Tic Disorder. |