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### Symptoms and comorbidity  A study of 400 patients seen at a TS specialty clinic found that 39% had coprolalia and 20% had copropraxia (Eapen \citep{Eapen  & Robertson, 2015are there distinct subtypes). Robertson_2015}.  When the 222 patients with full comorbidity data were examined, only 13.5% had pure-TS. 39% of the group with comorbidities exhibited coprolalia compared to 0% None  of the pure-TSgroup. The pure-TS  group had no coprolalia and none had a  family history of obsessive-compulsive disorder. In addition, contrast, 39% of the group with comorbidities exhibited coprolalia. These researchers also found that  individuals with complex tics were significantly more likely to report premonitory urges than individuals with simple tics. An experienced clinician who has done research on "rage attacks" in TS has provided a clinically useful summary of current knowledge \citep{Budman_2015}.