Cheryl Richards edited Phenomenology.md  about 8 years ago

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### Symptoms and comorbidity  Recent research has again demonstrated the wide prevalence of TS-associated comorbities and is a reminder of the need to perform studies with large enough sample sizes so that to examine  the effects of comorbities can be examined comorbidities  on the dependent variables of interest. A retrospective review of 1,000,000 people in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database examined the association between epilepsy and TS \citep{26597416}. 1062 children and adolescents with TS were matched on age and sex with a control group of 3186. The TS group had an 18-fold increased risk of epilepsy compared to the control group and, even after adjusting for comorbidities (i.e., bipolar disorder, depression, learning difficulties, autism, anxiety disorder, sleep disorder), the risk of epilepsy was still 16-fold. Although the authors raise the issue that some tics may have been mistaken for seizures, they also suggest that clinicians follow TS children closely since they are at-risk for the development of epilepsy.