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Cheryl Richards edited Treatment.md
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An open label trial of psychotherapy using a cognitive psychophysiological model of tic behavior was conducted with 102 adults with 49 TS sbujects and 36 subjects with chronic tic disorder completing treatment. The treatment consisted of 10 weeks of individual psychotherapy involved a variety of tasks including increasing awareness of tics, muscle discrimination, decreasing muscle tension and an overactivte style of action, identifying low and high risk activities in terms of tic probability, highlighting the differences in behaviors, thoughts and feelings; decreasing perfectionistic beliefs linked to tension and relapse prevention. These psychotherapy tasks were chosen because of research suggesting that some TS subjects have perfectionist beliefs when they plan actions and this leads to an impulsive overactive style resulting in frustration, tension and tics. Large effect sizes were sen for both control groups compared to the waiting list control. 65% of the chronic tic disorder group and 74% of the TS group had reductions of more than 35% on the Tourette Syndrome Global Scale. At the end of treatment 78 of 85 completers were rated as mild or below regardless of the starting severity and the other 7 were considered to have moderate symptoms. Large effect sizes were seen whether they were imple or complex and similar results were seen for tic locations (i.e., eyes, face, head, neck and shoulder, trunk and abdomen, phonic).
This group (Morand-Beaulieu et al., "Cognitive-behavioral therapy induces sensorimotor and specific electocortical changes") examined the effects of this psychotherapy approach on event-related potentials and lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs). 20 EEGS were recorded for TS subjects and 20 control subjects matched for age, sex and Raven Progressive Matrices score, while performing a stimulus-response compatibility inhibition task.
The frontal Late Positive Component associated with During the NoGo
condition was condition, the TS group exhibited a delayed and
overactive which suggested to the overactivated frontal late positive component. The authors
interpreted this result as evidence that
the tic patients had to mobilize more cognitive resources in order to inhibit their motor responses. This approach was considered this may be an adaptive
and allowed them mechanism that allows patients to
have behavioral performances comparable perform behaviorally similarly to
the control
participants. The frontal overactivation did not change as a result subjects. When inhibiting an incompatible response was needed the TS subjects exhibited larger amplitudes of
therapy. During the
incompatible stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potential
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