Cheryl Richards edited Treatment.md  about 8 years ago

Commit id: 47880022d44a895d14acbbf78f55bbb4e3c959c2

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The issue of temporary DBS treatment was raised by a case study \citep{26290773}. The patient started having simple motor tics at the age of 7 followed by vocal and complex motor tics two years later. The patient also had ADHD and learning difficulties. Thalamic DBS surgery was provided when he developed continuous motor and vocal tics that resulted in his leaving school at the age of 17. A year after surgery his YGTSS score had decreased by 58%. Three years after the surgery the tic severity increased and the IPG was replaced, again followed by improved tic severity. When the patient was 23 it was noticed that the IPG was not operational, yet there had not been any increase in the patient's symptoms. After the device was left off for 2 years and the patient remained stable clinically, the decision was made to remove the device and the patient was still stable 8 months later.   \citep{26180116} \citet{26180116}  reviewed electrophysiological data obtained in nonhuman primate models of TS and in Parkinson disease, with the hope of identifying possible mechanisms to account for the efficacy of high-frequency GPi-DBS in both a hyper- and a hypokinetic movement disorder. This article focuses on the possibility that excessive synchrony and pathological low-frequency oscillations (LFO) impair activation in the motor regions that receive input from the basal ganglia. There is also some evidence that synchronous oscillatory activity and excess LFO contribute to TS. DBS effectiveness is considered to occur because population-scale firing rates are maintained allowing proper encoding of desired movement. When used with Parkinson patients, DBS suppresses excess LFO in the GPE in addition to the GPI. GPI-DBS is theorized to suppress the phasic activations in the GPe and phasic inhibitions in the GPi for TS patients. It is hypothesized that in both medical conditions aberrant output is minimized while the population-averaged firing rate is maintained. | **Title** | **Comment** |  |:----------|:------------|