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Kevin J. Black move table
about 8 years ago
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A follow-up study averaging 9 years of 75 TS patients previously seen at a University-based clinic found that reported TS impairment was more likely to decrease over time in males and increase in females \citep{25193042}. In addition, women were more likely than men to have more body regions, primarily the upper extremities, affected by tics in adulthood. This result suggests that sex continues to influence TS symptoms beyond adolescence.
Since anecdotal evidence has suggested that tics decrease when people are involved in musical activity, the effects of music were systematically studied. Questionnaires completed by 29 patients supported the idea that listening to music and performing music were thought to decrease tic frequency \citep{Bodeck_2015}. In the second study tics almost completely stopped when subjects were performing music. Listening to music and mental imagery of musical performance also resulted in a decrease in tic frequency. It was suggested that focused attention, along with fine motor control and goal-directed behavior, produced the decrease in tics.
| **Title** | **Comment** |
|:----------|:------------|
| Attention and tic suppression in TS | \citep{25486384} |
| Higher irritability symptoms in TS adults are associated with more severe tics. More severe irritability was also seen in patients with comorbid ADHD. | (ref.?) |
| Tic suppression and quality of life \citep{Matsuda_2015} | Most tic patients frequently try to suppress tics, but find suppressing uncomfortable and distracting. However, those who can suppress tics more effectively report a higher quality of life. |