deletions | additions       diff --git a/Pathophysiology.md b/Pathophysiology.md  index 0051745..0c41d62 100644  --- a/Pathophysiology.md  +++ b/Pathophysiology.md 
...
## Pathophysiology  A rodent model was used to determine to what extent cortical input and striatal input affected the temporal and spatial properties of motor tics (Israelashvili & Bar-Gad). \cite{26674861}.  Biccuculline injections into the anterior striatal motor region produced focal tics in the forelimb area. The medium spiny neurons and the fast spiking interneurons exhibited increased activity during tics. Almost all of the MSNs were only active during the tics while a minority of the FSIs exhibited a decrease in activity. About half of the globus pallidus neurons demonstrated increased activity during the tic while the rest showed only inhibition or a combination of inhibition and excitation. Short bursts of high-frequency stimulus pulses were applied at random intervals to the region of the primary motor cortex representing the forelimb. Stimulation was provided before and after the bicuculline injections. The results suggested that the precise timing of tic occurrence was related to the summation of incoming excitatory cortical input and the time since the previous tic. These results supported the idea that the corticostrial network is fundamentally associated with tic occurrence. ### Pathological studies