Cheryl Richards edited Phenomenology.md  about 8 years ago

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Baby videos provide a clue (Zappella et al., 2015) | 34 children in Italy were identified as having autistic behaviors in their second year of life. Families reported that development during the first year of life had been normal and they donated the videos that had been recorded before the age of 6 months. Videos of 18 boys were examined in detail. Abnormal general movements, which are spontaneously generated central pattern generators and modulated by more rostral brain regions, were seen 10 of the 11 boys who were eventually diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 3 and 7 years. In contrast, normal general movements were seen in the 8 boys who had autistic features. Interestinly, 7 of the 8 boys with transient autistic behaviors were later diagnosed with Tourette syndrome and 4 of the boys with autism spectrum disorder were diagnosed with TS as a comorbidity. These results, combined with the recent nearly ubiquitous availability of home baby videos in some cultures, suggest a pseudo-prospective study design to identify features predicting later development of TS.  Clinical features associated with an early onset in chronic tic disorders \citep{26596364} | "Early-onset TS was significantly associated with an increased rate of stuttering and other speech disfluencies as well as an increased rate of oppositional defiant disorder, symptoms that often appear before age 4. Early-onset TS was also linked to maternal transmission of tics." However, in this sample tics starting before age 4 did not predict severity or comorbid ADHD or OCD. |  Attention and tic suppression in TS \citep{25486384} | – |     | **Title** | **Comment** | 

| "Rage attacks" in TS \citep{Budman_2015} | A summary of current knowledge on this clinically important topic, from the expert. |  | The somatotopy of tic inhibition \citep{25786675} | People were better at inhibiting motor tics below the shoulders--which are also the less common tics. This results adds to the potential importance of the long-known rostrocaudal gradient of tic frequency. |  | Tic suppression and quality of life \citep{Matsuda_2015} | Most tic patients frequently try to suppress tics, but find suppressing uncomfortable and distracting. However, those who can suppress tics more effectively report a higher quality of life. |  |Clinical features associated with an early onset in chronic tic disorders \citep{26596364} | "Early-onset TS was significantly associated with an increased rate of stuttering and other speech disfluencies as well as an increased rate of oppositional defiant disorder, symptoms that often appear before age 4. Early-onset TS was also linked to maternal transmission of tics." However, in this sample tics starting before age 4 did not predict severity or comorbid ADHD or OCD. |  | Reward enhances tic suppression in children within months of tic disorder onset \citep{Greene_2015_NTsuppress} | One of the largest studies using a tic suppression paradigm, and the first from children with Provisional Tic Disorder. |