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Chuck-Hou Yee edited cuprates2b.tex
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Our goal is to tune the in-plane effective $U$, so the relevant layers to focus on are the BaO layers immediately adjacent to the CuO$_2$ plane. Due to their spatial proximity, the BaO layers tune the hoppings and interaction strengths of the in-plane Hamiltonian. Designing compounds with novel adjacent layers provides a mechanism for controlling superconductivity. However, robotically cycling through all roughly $100 \times 100$ elemental substitutions for BaO in the periodic table using structural prediction is clearly too naive and computationally expensive.
To select plausible compositions, we noted that the BaO layers form a rock salt structure. Using materials databases, we selected all naturally occurring rock salt compounds AX, composed of an cation A and an anion X, starting with 333 in total. We then quickly pre-screened candidates by discarding compositions with (1) large lattice mismatches relative to the in-plane Cu-Cu distance, which we took to be 3.82~\AA, and (2) anions less electronegative than Cu, as these anions would capture dopants intended for the superconducting plane, producing additional Fermi surfaces.
In Given the
Hg-cuprates, the HgO$_\delta$ layer harbors dopant atoms which tune the
chemical potential. The BaO layers immediately adjacent to the CuO$_2$ plane
spatially separate remaining list of $\sim$20 potential compositions, we screened for stable compounds by first point-substituting the
superconducting electrons from proposed elements into the
detrimental effects
of HBCO structure and checked for local stability via phonon calculations at the
disordered dopant layer. Additionally, $\Gamma$, $(\pi,0)$ and $(\pi,\pi)$ points. If the
highly ionic nature of composition was stable in the
BaO layer means they do not capture dopant electrons intended for HBCO structure, then we used USPEX to perform the
CuO$_2$
plane. The preference of Hg roughly week-long calculations necessary to
be dumbbell coordinated bonds determine whether the
entire HBCO structure
together without introducing structural distortions. Finally, is indeed the
highly ionic O-Hg-O dumbbells minimize $c$-axis hopping to maintain
2-dimensionality. preferred energetic minimum.
Due to their spatial proximity, the adjacent We found three BaO
layers tune substitutions to be stable in the
hoppings HBCO structure after phonon screening: CaS, ZrAs, and
interaction strengths of the in-plane Hamiltonian. Designing compounds with
novel adjacent layers provides a mechanism for controlling superconductivity
by, e.g., reducing the charge-transfer energy. We quickly realized the most
stringent constraint is structural stability, so we focused first on isolating YbS. USPEX found that only Hg(CaS)$_2$CuO$_2$ was stable
candidates, then subsequently investigating their electronic properties. in the layered cuprate structure.
To maximize the likelihood that a proposed composition is stable, we note that
the layers adjacent to the CuO$_2$ plane form a rock salt structure. Using
materials databases, we selected all naturally occurring rock salt compounds
AX, composed of an cation A and an anion X. The phase space is large and the
rate limiting step is structural prediction, so we quickly pre-screen
candidates by discarding compositions with (1) large lattice mismatches
relative to the in-plane Cu-Cu distance, which we took to be 3.82~\AA, and (2)
anions less electronegative than Cu, as these anions would capture dopants
intended for the superconducting plane, producing additional Fermi surfaces. \emph{Global stability} -- We construct the convex hull by computing the energies of all known compounds in the Hg-Ca-Cu-S-O system, which would produce a 4-dimensional tetrahedron.
Realistic In reality, synthesis is performed in an oxygen environment parameterized by the chemical potential $\mu(\text{O}_2)$. We find that for all values of $\mu(\text{O}_2)$, HCSCO is unstable, so we pick the value for which the compound is closest to the convex hull and plot the results in Fig.~\ref{fig:hcsco-hull}.