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Gabriel Kotliar edited workflow.tex
over 7 years ago
Commit id: 620c60fde5f5392b8901ca16541a368d59e7a617
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...
is used to efficiently traverse the space of atomic configurations and cell
geometries to arrive at the lowest energy structure. This step requires having
an accurate method for producing the energy of a given configuration of atoms.
For weakly correlated materials, Notice that we are interested here, not only in the lowest energy structure but also
metastable structures, i.e. given C we would like to find out that not only carbon but also
diamond and graphene exist.
DFT has been quite successful at providing
total energies which enable accurate comparisons of the generated
structures:
successes structures.
This is certainly true for weakly correlated electron systems, which has enabled for example
predictions 50 ne 18-valent ternary semiconductors ( Gautier 2015) [ WE SHOULD ALSO MENTION ZUNGER ].
Surprisingly, DFT works well sometimes even
for strongly correlated electron systems.
Successes include the prediction of a new compounds in the Ce-Ir-In
system~\cite{Fredeman_2011}, as well as predictions system~\cite{Fredeman_2011}. Notable failures, include elemental Pu, where non magnetic DFT
calculations underestimates the volume of
over 50 new 18-valent
ternary semiconductors~\cite{Gautier_2015}. the $\delta$ phase by more than 25$\%$
while magnetic calculations predict a large magnetic moment ($ 5 \Mu_B$ which is not observed experimentally).
Notice however, that in spite of this failure, DFT + orbital polarization can predict the order of the structures.
However, for correlated materials,
we argue that extensions taking into account the effect of correlations on the
total energy is important for obtaining the correct ground-state structure for
a given composition.
For understanding the electronic properties of a material given a crystal structure, DMFT and GW perform remarkably well. Thus we adopt a hybrid workflow correlated materials, one where structural prediction is performed using LDA or LDA+U and once the final structure has been obtain, detailed analysis of the electronic structure is performed using DMFT or GW. It would be highly desirable to have GW or LDA+DMFT calcualtions in large systems, and there has been some significant progress in this direction recently [ CITE SAVRAOSV VOLLHARDT AND HAULE ]. However, only LDA+U can currently scale to produce total energies for simulations involving thousands of compounds
The third and final step is global stability: given the lowest energy structure
of a fixed composition, check whether it is stable against decomposition to all
other compositions in the chemical system. This requires knowledge of all other
...
The three stages are outlined in Table.~\ref{tbl:workflow}. In a sense, the steps are opposite of the order taken in solid state synthesis. Here, elements and simple compounds in a chemical system are combined and subjected to heating/cooling programs to provide the kinetic energy necessary for atomic rearrangement to form new stoichiometries (of which there may be more than one). Simultaneously, the stoichiometries crystallize to form structures which are then isolated for further study. Roughly, steps 2 and 3 are simultaneous in experiment. Only after a new crystal structure has been isolated is the electronic properties of the material studied.
On the theoretical side, the treatment of correlations in solids state has followed a tiered model given computational constraints. Understanding electronic structure requires accurate determinations of the spectral function, which has historically received the most detailed modeling of correlations. Correct determination of local geometries for accurate crystal fields, realistic modeling of the Coulomb interaction and $ab initio$ treatment of the full charge density have been instrumental in bringing theoretical models in alignment with experiment. For the total energies needed for global stability and structure prediction, the vast majority of compounds can be successfully modeled by treating correlations at the LDA+U level. [citation with quantitative results?]
{ WE SAID THIS ALREADY ? ]
Ideas to flush out [Gabi, I'm leaving this to you].
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