Chuck-Hou Yee edited bacoso2.tex  over 7 years ago

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To understand the behavior of the energies as a function of $U$, we first roughly grouped the structures by the behavior of the $E$ vs. $U-J$ curve, which we have indicated by colors in Fig.~\ref{fig:reordering}. The largest group has a slope of roughly $∆E \sim 0.3U$. A second subset has energies that are relatively constant $(∆E \sim const)$. The third group, which appeared to have the lowest energies in the U = 0 run, rapidly increases in energy with $∆E \sim 0.7U$.  In order to rationalize this behavior, we begin by examining the density matrix of the 3$d$ orbitals produced by the DFT calculations and magnetization per Co atom. The Coulomb $U$ in the LDA+U formalism penalizes non-integer occupancies by coupling to $tr(n_\sigma - n_\sigma^2)$, where $n_\sigma$ is the density matrix of the 3$d$ orbitals. For the case of diagonal density matrices, this term indeed vanishes when the orbital occupancies are 0 or 1, and is maximal at $1/2$. We have tabulated the diagonal elements of $\n_\sigma$ $n_\sigma$  in Table~\ref{tbl:bacoso}, and we find structures with itinerant electronic behavior, i.e. non-integer density matrices, to be more strongly penalized as $U$ increases. The experimental structure has nearly integer occupancies and thus remains low-energy while the energies of all other structures increase. [Ran, do you have ideas as to how magnetization is involved?]