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The Pubmed search resulted in 337 articles from four journals. After Covidence screening for systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses 79 were exclude search. Coder consensus excluded 76 articles which met the definition of systematic review and/or meta-analysis, yet were better categorized into other study types (Individual patient data study, human trials, Histologic studies, Genetic studies, letters to the editor, and Genomic microarray meta analyses). Additionally 2 studies could not be retrieved. In total 182 manuscripts were analyzed for heterogeneity (Figure 1).
\textbf{Stata 13.1 Heterogeneity assessment}
Heterogeneity was utilized in
50%(91) 50\%(91) of all manuscripts analyzed utilized some form or combination of quantitative heterogeneity test (Figure 2). A random-effects model was the most common meta-analysis used
23%(42), 23\%(42), next came both fixed and random-effect models
18%(33), 18\%(33), fixed-effects was used in
7%(13) 7\%(13) of the manuscripts, and lastly a mixed-effects model was used in
0.92%(2) 0.92\%(2) of the available manuscripts (Figure 3). This leaves roughly
50%(91) 50\%(91) of available manuscripts with no meta-analysis model in use to quantitatively determine heterogeneity (Figure 3). Of the
42%(76) 42\%(76) which used the random-effects model,
23%(18) 23\%(18) used that model without performing a heterogeneity test to confirm the need for a random-effects model.
12%(22) 12\%(22) of the manuscripts changed from the fixed-effects meta-analysis model to the random-effects after a heterogeneity test. The significance level most used was a
5% 5\% p-value with a
61%(111) 61\%(111) occurrence and
0.1%, 1%, 20% 0.1\%, 1\%, 20\% as the least frequently used with
2%(4), 4%(8), 2\%(4), 4\%(8), and
2%(4) 2\%(4) occurrences respectively. A forest plot was the most used heterogeneity plot with
40%(73) 40\%(73) while
1%(2) 1\%(2) used a forest and a L’Abbe heterogeneity plot. Out of the manuscripts which created a heterogeneity plot
41%(37) 41\%(37) actually presented them. Of the three tests designed to investigate heterogeneity (Subgroup, Meta-regression, and Sensitivity Analyses), Subgroup analysis was used the most
22%(40), 22\%(40), Sensitivity analysis was second
18%(33), 18\%(33), and Meta-regression was used the least
8%(15) 8\%(15) (Figure 4). It was found that
19%() 19\%() of the available manuscripts wrote about heterogeneity, but never actually calculated it.
57%(104) 57\%(104) of manuscripts did not find significant heterogeneity,
2%(4) 2\%(4) found enough evidence of heterogeneity to disregard “some” of the meta-analysis,
4%(7) 4\%(7) found significant heterogeneity, and
37%(67) 37\%(67) did not know whether or not there was too much heterogeneity present to perform a meta-analysis.Summarization of evidence mapping efforts
\textbf{First Objective}
Table 1 from the evidence mapping method from (Althius 2014) was applied to a systematic review, Maltoni et al. This qualitative method of me . (not done with this one yet, i'm figuring out how to format it in excell)
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