Pol Grasland-Mongrain edited Discussions.tex  about 8 years ago

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In the context of shear wave elastography, the thermoelastic regime is a priori preferred over the ablative regime, because it is not destructive. Even if first shear wave elastography experiments assumed that a displacement of a few hundred nanometers would be sufficient \cite{7569924}, displacements of the order of a few micrometers are usually required in practice for ultrasound or magnetic resonance elastography \cite{Nightingale_2001}, \cite{Manduca_2001}. Interestingly, this is higher than the displacement we observed at 10 mJ (thermoelastic regime), but along the same order of magnitude of the displacement observed at 200 mJ (ablative regime). The minimum energy (10 mJ) of the laser beam used in our experiments is incidentally 2.5 times above the maximum permissible exposure for skin given by the Z136.1-2007 standard of the American National Standard Institute \cite{ANSIZ1361}. For practical applications to the human body, different strategies could be adopted to comply to ANSI standard:, standard,  including observation emission  of the laser beam onto a protective absorbing layer, such as a black sheet covering the patient's organs \cite{Li_2014}. Alternatively,  medium could be observed  with a high resolution imaging techniquethat is  able to track displacements of a few nanometers, such as high frequency (higher than ($>$  100 MHz) ultrasound imaging or optical coherence tomography \cite{Li_2011}. Alternatively, the laser beam can be emitted onto a protective absorbing layer, such as a black sheet covering the patient's organs \cite{Li_2014}. Also, we can note that while ultrasound and MRI elastography are mainly peformed before any intervention, a technique combining shear waves generated by laser and detected by Combination with  optical coherence tomogarphy tomography would even lead to a real-time, fully remote, laser-based technique which  could be usedin real time  during the surgery. intervention (contrary to ultrasound or magnetic resonance elastography which are mainly pre-operative).  In conclusion, we have presented experimental observations of elastic shear waves generated by a laser beam in a soft medium. The involved phenomena were investigated, and revealed the existence of thermoelastic and ablative regimes. Furthermore, theoretical displacements were in good agreement with experimental measurements. Lastly, numerical studies showed displacement propagation patterns that were comparable to those generated experimentally.