Pol Grasland-Mongrain edited When_a_laser_beam_of__1.tex  almost 9 years ago

Commit id: f2fc995fb603ac9dd3c3030f603f2aba3738a025

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\end{equation}  where $T$ is the temperature distribution, $c_k$ the thermal wave speed (usually taken as equal to the compression wave speed), $\rho$ the density, $\kappa$ the thermal diffusivity and $C$ the heat capacity.  This parameter needs to be compared to the thermal diffusion path, given by $\sqrt(4 \kappa t)$. $\kappa$ is approximately equal to 10${^6}$ of the order of 10$^{-7}$  m$^2$.s$^{-1}$ for water, the main component of biological tissues; for a 10 ns laser pulse, the thermal diffusion path is then equal to 0.01 to 0.1 $\mu$m. $\gamma^{-1}$ of water is equal to 0.1 m, which is a million times higher; even for melanin and haemoglobin, highly absorbing at 532 nm, $\gamma^{-1}$ is respectively equal to 10 and 100 $\mu$m, far higher than the thermal diffusion path. The thermal conductivity effects are consequently negligible, and increase of temperature lies in laser absorption zone. The local increase of temperature can lead to two main effects creating elastic waves: (1) Thermoelastic expansion and (2) Ablation of medium. In metals, transition from first to second regime occurs approximately about 10$^7$ W.cm$^{-2}$. This is equal to the energy of the laser we used, so the predominant regime in our experiment cannot be determined yet.