Pol Grasland-Mongrain edited Let_s_describe_the_phenomenon__.tex  over 8 years ago

Commit id: e6c32f770780b588758918214fb0cd25676cd5ba

deletions | additions      

       

\label{eq:eqChaleurApprox}  \end{equation}  Substituting the experimental parameters ($\gamma^{-1} \approx$ 40 $\mu$m$^{-1}$, $S$ = 20 mm$^{2}$, $E$ = 0.2 J, $\rho \approx$ 1000 kg.m$^{-3}$, $C \approx$ 4180 J.kg$^{-1}$.K$^{-1}$) lead to a maximum increase of temperature of 15 60  K. This local increase of temperature can lead a local dilatation of the medium occurs. We suppose that the medium is homogeneous and isotropic, and as the depth of absorption (about 40 $\mu$m) is small compared to the beam diameter (5 mm), we adopt a 1D model. The stress $\sigma_{zz}$ is the sum between the axial strain component and the thermal expansion component \cite{scruby1990laser}:  \begin{equation} 

\end{equation}  Substituting $\alpha$ = 70.10$^{-6}$ K$^{-1}$ (water linear thermal dilatation coefficient), $E$ = 0.2 mJ, $\rho$ = 1000 kg.m$^{-3}$ (water density), $C$ = 4180 kg.m$^{-3}$ (water calorific capacity) and $S$ = 20 mm$^2$, we obtain a displacement $u_z$= 0.5 $\mu$m. This value is slightly smaller than the experimental displacement (about 3 $\mu$m). This local displacement can lead to shear waves because of the limited size of the source. In a 3D model, displacements along X and Y axis would also occurs, as the local expansion acts as dipolar forces parallel to the surface, but calculus is beyond the scope of this article.  With stronger or more focused laser pulse, the local increase of temperature could also vaporize a part of the surface of the medium. However in our case, the temperature did not increase enough (about 15 60  K) to  vaporizeor event melt  the medium.