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Pol Grasland-Mongrain edited The_sample_was_then.tex
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The sample was then replace by another phantom. This phantom was similar except that graphite particles were replaced by cellulose particles, in order to maintain a comparable speckle pattern
without much much laser with a weak optical absorption. A black disk of variable diameter was painted on a surface of the phantom at the laser beam impact location, to control the absorption area. The amplitude of the induced shear waves versus black disk diameter in the second phantom is illustrated in Fig. \ref{Figure4}-(B). We observe a linear relationship between shear wave amplitude and black disk diameter, with a correlation coefficient of
0.9281. 0.9281.% The resulting shear waves
seemed identical to the one with have same propagation pattern as in the
other first phantom, meaning that most of the energy was absorbed in the first
millimetre hundreds of micrometers (thickness of the black paint) in both
case. The disk of paler colour evoked previously was again present, but was very thinner than 1 millimetre.
Two other parameters have been investigated, and showed no correlation: (1) correlation coefficient between shear wave wavelength and diameter is 0.27, and between shear wave speed and diameter is 0.089. These results were expected, as shear wave wavelength is expected to be dependent primarily on thermal conductivity value of the medium, and shear wave speed on shear modulus of the medium, which were two common parameters in the experiment. cases.
Two other parameters have been investigated, and showed no correlation: (1) correlation coefficient between shear wave wavelength and diameter of the black paint is 0.27, and between shear wave speed and diameter is 0.089. These results were expected, as shear wave wavelength depends primarily on thermal conductivity value of the medium, and shear wave speed on shear modulus of the medium, which were constant parameters in these experiments.
These results indicate that the main occurring phenomenon using a 532 nm, 10 ns, 200 mJ pulse laser on a black soft solid is mostly the ablative regime, without formation of plasma.
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The potential application of these results on a biological tissue was finally studied. The medium was replaced by a chicken breast sample bought in the local grocery. Due to the absence of absorbing material like melanin or haemoglobin, the laser was diffused in a large area with a very small increase of temperature to induce shear waves. A 5 mm diameter black disk was painted on the surface of the sample at the laser beam impact location.
Displacement amplitude maps along Y axis and Z axis 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 ms after laser emission in the biological tissue are illustrated in Figure \ref{Figure5}. Shear waves propagated at a velocity of
4 $\pm$ 1 4$\pm$1 m.s$^{-1}$. It corresponds to a shear modulus of
16 16$\pm$8 kPa, which is a typical value for a relaxed muscle tissue (typically between 1 and 100 kPa). The pattern is moreover very similar to the one presented in Figure \ref{Figure2}, suggesting that involved phenomena are probably similar.