Rannie Teodoro edited Introduction.tex  over 9 years ago

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\section{Introduction}  Anorexia nervosa is a mental illness, categorized as an eating disorder. Anorexia is characterized by the active restriction of energy intake, ultimately resulting in significantly low body weight, an extreme fear of gaining weight, and a persistent unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight (DSM-V, 2013). Approximately 24 million people in the U.S. suffer from Anorexia (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 2012). This illness is especially alarming because of its high mortality rate (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012). The proliferation of anorexia is a challenge for mental health professionals because anorexia is a multi-determined disorder derived from the interaction between sociocultural, mental, and physical factors (Brumberg, 2000).   Anorexia is characterized as a secretive illness (Shelley, 1997). There are also feelings of shame, embarrassment, and stigma associated with anorexia (Shisslak, Crago, & Estes, 1995), which can further lead individuals with anorexia to feel lonely, isolated, and confused (Gremillion, 2003). Given the stigma and negative associations with anorexia, individuals with anorexia often seek contexts where they feel free from judgment, feel supported, and even feel encouraged (Dias, 2003). Individuals with anorexia may turn to the online milieu because of its technological affordances, such as rapid exchanges of information, anonymity, low cost of maintaining communication, and the ability to access it at any time (Grunwald & I\&  Busse, 2003). Chesley et al.’s (2003) study found that pro-anorexic sites are the most prevalent type of website that is associated with anorexia. Pro-anorexic websites are online venues in which individuals with anorexia normalize anorectic behaviors and thoughts to maintain anorexia by communicating with individuals who have similar perspectives (Gavin et al., 2008). Individuals on pro-anorexic websites identify themselves as ‘pro-ana’ and believe that anorexia is a lifestyle choice rather than an illness (Lipczynka, 2007). Most of the extant research on pro-anorexic websites have focused on dominant themes within one pro-anorexic website (e.g., Gavin et al., 2008; Mulveen and Hepworth, 2006), have made comparisons between recovering anorexic websites and pro-anorexic ones (e.g., Lyons et al., 2006), examined content on pro-anorexic sites across the same type of websites like discussion boards (e.g., Eichhorn, 2008) or social networking sites like Facebook and Myspace (e.g., Juarascio et al., 2010), and investigated personal experiences of pro-anorexic bloggers (e.g., Yeshua-Katz and Martins, 2012). However, no study to the authors’ knowledge, has explored pro-ana disclosures across different online contexts, specifically across webblogs and social networking sites. Investigating pro-anorexic disclosures across contexts can increase the awareness of the mental health issue of anorexia and can help us gain a better sense of how individuals associated with pro-ana’s (e.g., clinicians, therapists, family members) can help influence healthy attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors rather than engage in destructive ones.