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Bernard Kelly edited Bowen__York_citeBowe.tex
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Bowen \& York \cite{Bowen:1980yu} \citet{Bowen:1980yu} introduced a set of partial solutions to the constraint equations, where the momentum constraint is solved automatically by extrinsic curvature that can incorporate bulk ADM linear and/or angular momentum. The data is not completely determined -- there is a conformal factor $\psi$ that must be found by solving the Hamiltonian constraint elliptic equation. The physical metric quantities are:
%
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:by_general}
\gamma_{i j} = \psi^4 \delta_{i j} \;\; , \;\; K_{i j} = \psi^{-2} \hat{K}_{i j},
\end{equation}
%
where the conformal extrinsic curvature contains angular-
and/or and/ linear-momentum terms:
& %
%
\begin{array}
\label{eq:by_K_P_S}
\hat{K}_{i j} &= frac{3}{r^3}\left[ \epsilon_{k i m} \, S^m \, n^k \, n_j + \epsilon_{k j m} \, S^m \, n^k \, n_i \right] \nonumber \\
& + \frac{3}{2 r^2}\left[ P_i \, n_j + P_j \, n_i - (\delta_{i j} - n_i \, n_j ) P^k \, n_k \right] \\
&
& \mp \frac{3 a^2}{2 r^4}\left[ P_i \, n_j + P_j \, n_i + (\delta_{i j} - 5 n_i \, n_j) P^k \, n_k \right] \nonumber,
\end{array}
%
where $r$ is a conformal radial coordinate, centred on the singularity. The factor $\psi$ then must be found by solving the Poisson-like vacuum Hamiltonian constraint:
%
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:by_ham_const}
\Delta \psi + \frac{1}{8} \psi^{-7} \hat{K}_{i j}\hat{K}^{i j} = 0.
\end{equation}