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OTUs that responded beginning at day 3 had greater \textit{rrn} gene copy  number than OTUs that responded to $^{13}$C-xylose later  (Figure~\ref{fig:shift}, Figure~\ref{fig:copy}) suggesting fast-growing  microbes assimilated $^{13}$C from xylose before slow growers. % Fakesubsubsection:NRI values have been used to assess  NRI values are useful metrics for assessing phylogenetic clustering 
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$^{13}$C-xylose responsive organisms were labeled as a result of primary xylose  assimilation (see below), and therefore it's not clear if $^{13}$C-xylose  responsive OTUs in this experiment constitute a single ecologically meaningful  group or multiple ecological groups. TALK ABOUT PHLO COHERENT TEMPORAL  RESPONSE.  \subsection{Implications for soil C cycling models}  % Fakesubsubsection:Land management, climate, pollution and 
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decomposition but there is not working quantitative definition of what  constitutes ``narrow'' versus ``broad'' in the literature. HGT SENTENCE.  % Fakesubsubsection:For community composition to influence ecological processes  For community composition to influence ecological processes several criteria  must be satisfied CITE Schimel 2012: microorganisms must differ in functional  capacity, and biological reactions must influence C fate or be rate limiting.  We demonstrate that the microbes participating in cellulose decomposition are  largely different than those participating in xylose decomposition which  satisfies the first criterion above. The other criteria were not directly  tested in our study but we propose several mechanisms suggested by our results  wherein C dynamics and fate would be affected by community composition. Genomic  evidence shows cellulose degradation is likely a conserved trait CITE Allison.  To our knowledge this study is the first to evaluate the phylogenetic  conservation of cellulose degradation \textit{in situ} via DNA-SIP and our  results are remarkably consistent with genomic evidence. A decrease in active  cellulose degraders could decrease cellulose decomposition process rates as the  phylogenetic conservation of cellulose degradation likely means few soil  microorganisms can fill the cellulose degradation niche. If cellulose  decomposers are readily dispersed, however, dispersed microorganisms could fill  the cellulose degradation void renewing ecosystem function. For labile  C decomposition, if dispersal does not enable rapid recolonization CITE,  a decrease in fast growing spore former abundance could enable the labile  C degradation niche to be occupied by different labile C degraders. The primary  labile C degraders in this study were fast growers, and have a distinct  lifestyle (spore formation) which might indicate a distinct C use dynamics  and/or resource allocation signature. Both attributes are unlikely to be  mimicked by substitution with a different functional group and thus this  substitution might influence labile C dynamics and fate. Further, it is unclear  how labile C degrader substitution would affect biomass C turnover by predatory  bacteria that appeared to feed on fast growing, spore forming labile  C decomposers. Spore formation, however, might enable dispersal. The  consistency of labile C decomposition rates across soils is hypothesized to be  a manifestation of the wide ability to use labile materials across  microorganisms CITE. An alternative hypothesis is that labile C degraders are  easily dispersed. Other lineages implicated in rapid labile C turnover include  members of the \textit{Actinobacteria} CITE Placella and Many soil  \textit{Actinobacteria} form hyphae that facilitate dispersal CITE. The two  hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, however, but our results suggest that  environmental conditions unfavorable to fast-growing spore-formers and/or  quickly resusitated, hyphal \textit{Actinobacteria} CITE may impact labile  C dynamics and fate.  % Fakesubsubsection:It's not clear whether the observed activity  The activity succession from \textit{Firmicutes} to \textit{Bacteroidetes} and  finally \textit{Actinobacteria} in response to $^{13}$C-xylose addition is 
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interactions in soil C cycling are rarely considered (e.g.  \citep{Moore1988}).  % Fakesubsubsection:We propose two scenarios wherein C dynamics  We propose two scenarios wherein C dynamics and fate would be affected  by community composition in the context of our results. Genomic evidence shows  cellulose degradation is a phylogenetically conserved trait CITE Allison. This  study is the first to evaluate the phylogenetic conservation of soil cellulose  degradation \textit{in situ} via DNA-SIP and our results are consistent with  genomic evidence. Decreasing cellulose degraders would diminish cellulose  decomposition process rates. Few soil microorganisms can fill the  phylogenetically conserved cellulose degradation niche. Ecosystem function  could be renewed by dispersed cellulose decomposers, however. For labile  C decomposition, the absence fast growing spore formers would enable other  microbes to assimilate labile C when dispersal does not enable rapid  recolonization CITE. The primary labile C degraders in this study were fast  growers, and had a distinct lifestyle (spore formation) which might indicate  distinct C use dynamics and/or resource allocation. New labile C degraders may  metabolize and allocate labile C differently changing labile C dynamics and  fate. Further, labile C degrader substitution could affect biomass C turnover  by predatory bacteria that feed on fast growing, spore forming labile  C decomposers. On the other hand, spore formation enables dispersal CITE. One  proposed mechanism for similar labile C decomposition rates across soils that  vary in community composition is that labile materials can be used widely by  microorganisms CITE. An alternative hypothesis for consistent labile C process  rates across soils is that labile C degraders are easily dispersed. Notably,  other lineages implicated in rapid labile C turnover include members of the  \textit{Actinobacteria} CITE Placella and many soil \textit{Actinobacteria}  form hyphae that facilitate dispersal CITE. The two hypotheses are not mutually  exclusive, however, but our results suggest that environmental conditions  unfavorable to fast-growing spore-formers and/or quickly resuscitated, hyphal  \textit{Actinobacteria} CITE may impact labile C dynamics and fate.  % Fakesubsubsection:Intuitively C cycling trait diversity is inferred  Intuitively C cycling functional guild diversity is inferred from the  distribution of diagnostic genes CITE. For instance, the wide distribution of  the glycolysis operon is interpreted as evidence many soil microorganisms  participate in glucose turnover CITE. We suggest that \textit{in situ}  functional guild diversity can vary significantly from guild diversity assessed  by functionally screening isolates and/or genomes. Xylose use in soil, for  instance, may be less a function of catabolic pathway distribution among  genomes and more a function of microorganism lifestyle. Soil is characterized  by pulse delivery of nutrients that coincide with phenomena including seasonal  change, land management, and rainfall CITE. Therefore, rapid growth rates  and/or the rapid resuscitation upon wet up may control labile soil  C assimilation. Growth rate and dessication resistance are phylogenetically  conserved unlike labile C degradation so labile C assimilation may be  deceivingly conserved as well. DNA-SIP is useful for establishing \textit{in  situ} phylogenetic clustering and diversity of functional guilds because  DNA-SIP can incorporate life history strategies into trait functional guild  identification.  Paenibacillus Neufeld  Thompson "all bands enriched"  \subsection{Conclusion}   % Fakesubsubsection:Microorganisms sequester atmospheric C and respire  Microorganisms sequester atmospheric C and respire SOM influencing climate