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\textbf{Isopycnic centrifugation and fractionation}  Isopycnic gradients were established as described previously (35, 48), 48)  for two [13C]cellulose- amended five \textsuperscript{12}C-control, five \textsuperscript{13}C-xylose,  and two unamended microcosms four \textsuperscript{13}C-cellulose microcosms; one  per soil type. All gradients used identical buffer solution to minimize methodological differences. Briefly, a day harvested. A  density gradient solution of 1.599 1.762  g cesium chloride/ml of 1􏰉 Tris-EDTA (TE) in gradient  buffer solution  (pH 8.0) with ethidium bromide 8.0 15mM Tris-HCl, 15mM EDTA, 15mM KCl)  was used to separate [13C]cellulose-enriched \textsuperscript{13}C-enriched  and 12C-nonenriched \textsuperscript{12}C-nonenriched  DNA. Triplicate tubes per treatment containing approximately 10 to 25 􏰌g of DNA were loaded into a Beckman Polyallomer bell-top quick-seal centrifuge tube (part no. 344625; Beckman, Palo Alto, CA) containing the cesium chlo- ride-1􏰉 TE solution. Samples were centrifuged on a Beckman Optima ultracentrifuge using a TLA 120.2 fixed-angle rotor for 69 h at 57,000 rpm and 14°C. Fractions of ca. 100 􏰌l were collected manually by displacing the DNA-cesium chloride-1􏰉 TE-ethidium bromide solution with sterile distilled water. The refractive index of the fractions was measured on a Bausch and Lomb Abbe-3L refractometer. The buoyant density was cal- culated from the refractive index using the equation 􏰐 􏰊 a􏰑 􏰈 b, where 􏰐 is the density of the CsCl (g/ml), 􏰑 is the measured refractive index, and a and b are coefficient values of 10.8601 and 13.497, respectively, for CsCl at 25°C (6). Triplicate tubes per treatment were pooled with the appropriate range of buoyant density. The enriched and unenriched DNA fractions were purified by an ethanol precipitation, and DNA was quantitated using a NanoDrop 1000 (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE). Fractions con- taining the 13C-enriched and 12C-nonenriched DNA were determined by relating the buoyant density and DNA concentration (for information on total microcosm-extracted DNA along with fraction buoyant densities and their associated DNA concentrations for all soils and replicates, see Table S1a, Fig. S1b, and Table S1c in the supplemental material). \textbf{Post-Sequencing Analysis}