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\section{Results and Discussion}  \textbf{Temporal microbial and C-cycling dynamics.} With the rapid advancement and declining costs of high throughput sequencing, it has become increasingly easy to investigate microbial communities. In this study, we couple stable-isotope probing with 454 pyrosequencing in order to better understand organic matter decomposition dynamics as a function of soil microbial community C utilization. Three A  series ofparallel  soil microcosmswere  amendeded with a complex C mixture containing either \textsuperscript{13}C-xylose, \textsuperscript{13}C-cellulose, or no isotope. At isotope were incubated in parallel for 30 days. Microcosms were harvested at  discrete time points over a during the incubation  periodof 30 days, microcosms were harvested  and the temporaldynamics  and isotope assimilation dynamics  of the microbial community were measured by sequencing 16S rRNA in the bulk microbial community and fractions from CsCl gradient fractionation (\href{https://www.authorea.com/users/3537/articles/8459/master/file/figures/20140708_ConceptualFig2/20140708_ConceptualFig2.pdf}{Fig. S1}). Overall, xylose Xylose  degradation is immediately, was observed immediately  within the first 7 days, whilethe bulk of  cellulose degradation is observed after 14 days. The dynamics of \textsuperscript{13}C-cellulose and \textsuperscript{13}C-xylose assimilation varied dramatically for different microorganisms. temporal changes in microbial community composition are consistent with C decomposition being accompanied by a microbial community succession. The dynamics of \textsuperscript{13}C-cellulose and \textsuperscript{13}C-xylose assimilation varied dramatically for different microorganisms. Isotope incorporation into DNA was revealed by analyzing variation in 16S rRNA amplicons across gradient fractions (n = 20) from control samples in relation to identical experimental samples that differed by a substitution of \textsuperscript{12}C-cellulose or \textsuperscript{12}C-xylose with their \textsuperscript{13}C equivalents (Figure 1). Isotope incorporation changes amplicon composition relative to control and this effect can be visualized in ordination by divergence of experimental samples from corresponding control points. This is demonstrated in the high-density fractions that are differentiating from the control along NMDS2. Differentiation of these fractions relative to control indicates the presence of \textsuperscript{13}C-assimilating OTUs. The differential separation of high density fractions in the \textsuperscript{13}C-xylose treatment compared to the \textsuperscript{13}C-cellulose treatment is indicative of a difference in the responders for each of the substrates (Fig 1A). There is an observable time signature of responders at days 1, 3, and 7 for the xylose treatment and days 14 and 30 for the cellulose treatment (Fig1B). This demonstrates that different microbial community members are responsible for the consumption of these two substrates; xylose is consumed quickly, whereas, cellulose decomposition takes longer. This supports the hypothesis of a microbial community succession during the decomposition process. Furthermore, this demonstrates the sensitivity of this technique by being able to detect \textsuperscript{13}C-label incorporation in samples with low C additions (2.18mgC g\textsuperscript{-1} soil).