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clustered phylogenetically suggesting a uniform ecological strategy  (Figure~\ref{fig:trees}). It's also clear that some of the  non-\textit{Firmicutes} $^{13}$C-xylose responders are closely related to known  predators (\textit{Agromyces}) and many marine predatory bacteria are members of the \textit{Bacteroidetes} (CITE). (\citep{Banning2010a}).  If the temporal dynamics of $^{13}$C-xylose incorporation are due to trophic interactions, our results suggest that there are many predatory soil bacteria that consume fast-growing, opportunistic, primary labile C assimilating, gram-positive spore-formers. Hence, trophic interactions among soil bacteria may be of importance in soil C turnover models. \subsection{Conclusion}   % Fakesubsubsection:SOM represents more C than the         

the microcosms did not significantly correlate with community structure and  membership (p-value 0.35). Additionally, microcosm beta diversity was  significantly less than gradient fraction beta diversity (p-value 0.003,  "betadisper" function R Vegan package CITE \citet{Anderson2006}). \citet{Anderson2006,oksanen2007vegan}).  Twenty-nine OTUs significantly changed in relative abundance with time ("BH" adjusted p-value $<$ 0.10, $<$0.10,  \citet{YBenjamini1995}) (Figure~\ref{fig:time}). OTUs that significantly increased in relative abundance with time included OTUs in the \textit{Verrucomicrobia}, \textit{Proteobacteria}, \textit{Planctomycetes}, \textit{Cyanobacteria}, \textit{Chloroflexi} and \textit{Acidobacteria}. OTUs that significantly decreased in relative abundance with time included OTUs in the \textit{Proteobacteria}, \textit{Firmicutes}, \textit{Bacteroidetes} and \textit{Actinobacteria} (Figure~\ref{fig:time}). \textit{Proteobacteria} was  the only phylum that had OTUs which increased significantly and OTUs that  decreased significantly in abundance with time. If sequences were grouped by  taxonomic annotations at the class level, only four classes significantly  changed in abundance, \textit{Bacilli} (decreased), \textit{Flavobacteria}  (decreased), \textit{Gammaproteobacteria} (decreased) and  \textit{Herpetosiphonales} (increased) (Figure~\ref{fig:time_class}). Of the 29 OTUs that changed significantly in relative abundance with time, 14 are labeled substrate responders (Figure~\ref{fig:time}). \subsection{OTUs that assimilated $^{13}$C from xylose}  % Fakesubsubsection:Within the first 7 days of incubation approximately 63\%  

% Fakesubsubsection:Responder abundances summed at phylum level generally increased  Responder abundances summed at phylum level generally increased for  $^{13}$C-cellulose (Figure~XX) (Figure~\ref{fig:babund})  whereas $^{13}$C-xylose responder abundances summed at the phylum level decreased over time for \textit{Firmicutes}, \textit{Bacteroidetes}, \textit{Actinobacteria} and \textit{Proteobacteria} although \textit{Proteobacteria} spiked at day 14 (Figure~\ref{fig:babund}). Bulk abundance trends are roughly consistent with $^{13}$C assimilation. \subsection{Cellulose degraders exhibit higher substrate specificity than xylose  utilizers}          

@article{Banning2010a,  pmid = {20500528},  title = {Novel strains isolated from a coastal aquifer suggest a predatory role for flavobacteria},  volume = {73},  issn = {1574-6941},  doi = {10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00897.x},  timestamp = {2015-03-09 17:32:48},  number = {2},  journaltitle = {{FEMS} microbiology ecology},  journal = {{FEMS} Microbiol Ecol},  author = {Banning, Erin C. and Casciotti, Karen L. and Kujawinski, Elizabeth B.},  date = {2010-08},  year = {2010},  pages = {254--270},  }  @article{oksanen2007vegan,  title={The vegan package},  author={Oksanen, Jari and Kindt, Roeland and Legendre, Pierre and O’Hara, Bob and Stevens, M Henry H and Oksanen, Maintainer Jari and Suggests, MASS},  journal={Community ecology package},  year={2007}  }  @book{Alexander1977,  title = {Introduction to Soil Microbiology},  isbn = {9780471021797},