Chuck Pepe-Ranney edited introduction.tex  over 9 years ago

Commit id: 19c33dd7de9c7d1cde522cffda10362024d65531

deletions | additions      

       

\section{Introduction}  We have only a rudimentary understanding of how carbon flows through soil microbial communities. This deficiency is driven by the staggering complexity of soil microbial food webs and the opacity of these biological systems to current methods for describing microbial metabolism in the environment. Relating community composition to overall soil processes, such as nitrification and denitrification, which are mediated by defined functional groups has been a useful approach. However, carbon-cycling processes have proven more recalcitrant to study due to the wide range of organisms participating in these reactions and our inability to discern discrete diagnostic  functional genes. genetic markers.    Excluding plant biomass, there are 2,300 Pg of carbon (C) stored in soils worldwide which accounts for $\sim$80\% of the global terrestrial C pool \cite{Amundson_2001,BATJES_1996}. When organic C from plants reaches soil it is degraded by fungi, archaea, and bacteria. This C is rapidly returned to the atmosphere as CO\textsubscript{2} or remains in the soil as humic substances that can persist up to 2000 years \cite{yanagita1990natural}. The majority of plant biomass C is respired and, on an annual basis, soil respiration produces 10 times more CO\textsubscript{2} than anthropogenic emissions \cite{chapin2002principles}. Global changes in atmospheric CO\textsubscript{2}, temperature, and ecosystem nitrogen inputs, are expected to impact primary production and C inputs to soils \cite{Groenigen_2006} but it remains difficult to predict the response of soil processes to anthropogenic change \cite{DAVIDSON_2006}. Current climate change models concur on atmospheric and ocean C predictions but not terrestrial \cite{Friedlingstein_2006}. Contrasting terrestrial ecosystem model predictions reflect how little is known about soil C cycling dynamics and it has been suggested that incosistencies in terrestial modeling could be improved by elucidating the relationship between dissolved organic carbon and microbial communities in soils \cite{Neff_2001}.