Chuck Pepe-Ranney edited Results_and_Discussion.tex  over 9 years ago

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Verrucomicrobia, a phylum found to be ubiquitous and in high abundance in soil \cite{Fierer_2013}, have been noted for degradation of polysaccharides in soil, aquatic, and anoxic rice patty soils \cite{Fierer_2013,Herlemann_2013,10543821}. In this study, Verrucomicrobia comprise ~11\% of the total cellulose responder OTUs detected (\href{https://www.authorea.com/users/3537/articles/3612/master/file/figures/l2fc_fig1/l2fc_fig.pdf}{Figs. 2}, \href{https://authorea.com/users/3537/articles/8459/master/file/figures/l2fc_fig_pVal/l2fc_fig_pVal.png}{S4}, \href{https://authorea.com/users/3537/articles/8459/master/file/figures/cellulose_resp_profiles/cellulose_resp_profiles.png}{S6}) most of which belong to the uncultured FukuN18 clade originally identified in freshwater lakes \cite{Parveen_2013}. Yet the largest enrichment measured (l2fc = 3.7) during the whole time series for \textsuperscript{13}C-cellulose assimilation was by an uncultured Verrucomicrobia in the Verrucomicrobiaceae family on d14 (\href{https://authorea.com/users/3537/articles/3612/master/file/figures/bacteria_tree/bacteria_tree.png}{Fig. 4}).   Chloroflexi, ubitiquous across many diverse environments, are traditionally known for their metabolically dynamic lifestyles ranging from anoxygenic phototropy to organohalide respiration \cite{Hug_2013}. Yet, only recently has focus shifted towards the metabolic functions of Chloroflexi in C cycling \cite{Hug_2013,Goldfarb_2011,Cole_2013}. In this study, we identified a previously undescribed clade within the Chloroflexi class (closest relative at a 96\% identity being Herpetosiphon) that exhibited a high substrate specificity based on an average BD shift 0.019 $\pm$ 0.002 g mL\textsuperscript{-1} (\href{https://authorea.com/users/3537/articles/8459/master/file/figures/cellulose_resp_profiles/cellulose_resp_profiles.png}{Fig. S6}). We observed no other cellulose utilization in Chloroflexi outside of this clade although many members of this phylum have previously been demonstrated or implicated in cellulose utilization \cite{Goldfarb_2011,Cole_2013,Hug_2013. \cite{Goldfarb_2011,Cole_2013,Hug_2013}.  One of the most interesting findings is a single Cyanobacterial responder OTU, which exhibit the third greatest enrichment measured (l2fc = 3.35) in response to \textsuperscript{13}C-cellulose assimilation. This OTU falls into the recently described candidate phylum Melainabacteria \cite{Di_Rienzi_2013}, although its phylogenetic position is debated \cite{Soo_2014}. More importantly, the catalog of metabolic capabilities associated with Cyanobacteria are quickly expanding \cite{Di_Rienzi_2013, Soo_2014}. Our findings provide evidence of cellulose degradation for Melainabacteria, supporting hypothesized polysaccharide degradation suggested by genomic analysis \cite{Di_Rienzi_2013}.