James A Warren edited Global Context.tex  about 10 years ago

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In the US, the National Institute of Health has long promoted a policy of open access to data generated from its grants.\cite{NIH-Statement} In the mid-1990’s the Human Genome Initiative spawned the Bermuda Principles which called for immediate public posting of sequences of the human genome.\cite{bermuda} More recently, the National Science Foundation has adopted a requirement that grantees provide a Data Management Plan, and is currently assessing updates to this requirement.\cite{dissemination} Specific to the materials community, the sharing of digital data is a key strategy component of the US’s Materials Genome Initiative, and mechanisms to foster and enable sharing are actively under consideration.\cite{mgi-ostp}  The European Union has been very proactive in studying the impacts of a digitally-linked world on the scientific community. The EU Framework Programme 7 has funded a project called Opportunities for Data Exchange that has produced several relevant reports on publishing digital data in the scientific community. community.\cite{permanent-access}  In June 2012 the Royal Society published “Science: An Open Enterprise” which promotes free and open access to scientific results, including data. data.\cite{sci-open}  These studies are now broadly informing government policy. For example, new policy in the UK in July 2012 calls for government funded research to be published in open access journals, and requires access to supporting research data. , data.\cite{rcuk-output,rcuk-policy}  In February 2013, Dr. John Holdren, Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), issued a directive to all Federal agencies to develop plans to make the results of Federally-funded research more accessible to the public. A key component of this directive is a call for agency plans to include a means by which the digital data resulting from research can be made available to the public. public.\cite{ostp-memo}  In support of this policy, the White House has established a useful web site providing resources supporting the establishment of open data. data.\cite{opendataproject}  US Government funding agencies have provided their plans to address OSTP’s open research policy and results are imminent. Other technical communities have addressed the challenges of access to digital data with a variety of approaches. Indeed, the biology community has implemented a number of differing approaches, for example, the approach taken in genetics versus that adopted by evolutionary biology. In other disciplines, one subfield of thermodynamics has already adopted a very structured approach to archiving data, while the earth sciences community is embarked on an effort to define its approach. , Despite the differing mechanics of implementation, all the approaches were rooted in a community-led effort to define the path best suited for that particular technical field.