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\section{The Cosmological Principles}  \subsection{The cosmological principle} The first principle of relativity states the impossibility, through physics experiments, to detect the relative motion of the laboratory than an \emph{absolute reference} \footnote{Poincaré, \footnote{Poincar{\'{e}},  Henri (1904/6). "The Principles of Mathematical Physics". Congress of arts and science, universal exposition, St. Louis, 1904 1. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. pp. 604–622}. 604{\textendash}622}.  It should also be true for astronomical observations.\\ Indeed, an observer [4] can not be \emph{preferential} (because the invariance of the laws of physics) than other observers of the universe by detecting various or particular motions of distant galactic matter.\\ So each observer detects the same type of movement of matter galactic (excluding the local motions).\\ However, this same motion of the galaxies can only exist if every observer is at the \emph{centre} of the universe observed or there is no an observer who is localized in a some of his \emph{periphery}.\\ Combining these assertions we obtain a universe in which the "apparent" relative motion of the various FR (galaxies) should be \emph{radial} to any observer (isotropy).\\ This implies that an observer should see objects either going far in all directions or oncoming from all directions.\\ Astronomical observations confirms the picture of an expanding universe, but we observe that cosmological (relativistic) principles are stated also for a contracting universe.\\ The expansion (or contraction) could not be deducted by the principles of the relativity [4], so we should suppose that the expansion (contraction) is a property of the spacetime field of the universe, unlike the classical cosmology, where the expansion of the universe is an empirical law, consistent with homogeneity and isotropy of the universe.\\ Some thesis like: \begin{enumerate} \item Build a local spacetime frame reference using a massive coupling of the field $\underline{\Xi}$. \item Set to a massive particle a space dimension given by its Compton wavelength $\not \lambda_c$. $\lambda_c$.  \end{enumerate} suggest us to think that the expansion of the universe is connected to the massive coupling, associated to a massive particle.\\ Indeed, when a massive particle rises with its spacetime lattice, a bit of spacetime is added to the universe's field ${\underline{\Xi}}^\circ$, because every massive particle is itself spacetime. This mean that the birth of a massive particle would add space (expansion) and time (cosmic time) to the universe.\\ However we believe that only some processes of pair creation should conduce to the creation of space and time in the universe. Following the Standard Model we suppose that the basic fermions (electron, for leptons, and proton, viewed like quarks u, d, for barions) can determine some processes of space-mass creation in the universe, because they are basic structures for the IQuO's couplings.\\ We observe that in the present universe a feasible candidate for the transformation of energy in mass (involving electrons and nucleons) is the beta decay into the stars. However we don't exclude other creation processes space-mass in the universe.\\ If the birth of a basic massive particle occurs in a local region of the universe, the resulting increase of universe's \emph{volume}, dued by a IQuO's chain, could be expressed like a global transformation of spacetime.\\ This is consistent with quantum mechanics: a particle whit defined wavelength is associated to a line of oscillators with \emph{extension} equal to that of the universe (see the collapse process of the wave function).\\ In this way the galaxies (stars), besides being the source of a gravitational field, could be the source of a \emph{field with an increasing space} or an \emph{expansive field}.\\ It's obvious now that the cosmology built by us is based on an increasing universe in space and mass, in which the proton-neutron transformation plays a key role.\\ To further validate the hypothesis that the expansion of the universe is the effect of an increase in mass and space, we return to the idea of the light speed as a constant of structure of the Universe, exactly of the basic field $\Xi$.\\ Using the equation \ref{eq_wavespeed}, we can describe the propagation speed of a perturbation in the field $\Xi$: \begin{equation} v = \sqrt{\frac{T}{\rho}} = \sqrt{kL \frac{L}{\rho}} = L \Omega = c \end{equation} where $T= kL$, $\rho=M/L$, $\Omega = k/M$, and $k$ is the elasticity constant of the (IQuO) oscillators (springs with mass $M$, length $L$ and angular frequency $\Omega$).\\ If $c$ is a constant then it happen that also $L$, $M$ are two \emph{fundamentals constants of the universe}. It follows that the expansion of the universe can not be a consequence of any \emph{stretching} of $L$, as instead the Firedman's equation provides introducing the parameter $a(t)$.\\ Then we could support that the parameter $a (t)$ is correlated to the increase law of space-mass and hence to increasing number of \emph{units} $L$ of the space or to number $N$ of massive particles of basic lattice $\underline{\Xi}$.