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\section{Discussion}  With this study we found that, overall, astronomers are increasingly willing to reference and share the secondary or processed data sets used to derive the results in their publications. However, a common infrastructure to share these types of data sets is still either lacking or it is unknown to most astronomers. But anyone with a minimum knowledge of astronomy knows that such common infrastructure is not  lacking. Moreover, despite the publication As a matter  of numerous guidelines and manifestos \cite{manifesto,tenrules} fact, astronomy, as a field, has pioneered  the practices creation  of data sharing, data archiving, and data citation in international initiatives for  the astronomical community are far from being widely known. collection, organization, and sharing of data.  The Virtual Observatory was established with a grant from the National Science Foundation in 2001, entitled "Building the Framework for the National Virtual Observatory." (See \url {http://virtualobservatory.org/whatis/history.aspx} for a history of the Virtual Observatory.) The grant essentially implemented a vision for sharing astronomy data online put forward in a \textit{Science} article about "The WorldWide Telescope" by Szalay and Gray in 2001. \cite {2001Sci...293.2037S}. In 2010, NASA and NSF reached a cooperative agreement to fund and maintain a "Virtual Virtual  Astronomical Observatory," Observatory,  implementing the research done under the 2001 "Framework" Framework  grant as a working online "Observatory." In Observatory. The concept of a Virtual Observatory is well ingrained in the mind of all astronomers as well as that of most scientists and science experts. Yet, this study finds that there has been very little uptake of the tools that have been created under the umbrella of the Virtual Observatory. It is safe to state that the vision that the VO will provide a "virtual sky based on the enormous data sets being created now and the even larger ones proposed for the future" that could "enable a new mode of research for professional astronomers and will provide to the public an unparalleled opportunity for education and discovery" \cite{vobook} was not met. It is not surprising that in  2012, NSF announced plans (now being implemented) to de-fund its (80\%) share of the US VAO. Opinions on why and how this happened are beyond the scope of this paper.We only comment here that the VAO may have been a bit too early in assuming that all astronomers were going to appreciate its mission.  What is important for our purposes is to point out that even the most robust and robust,  important and adopted  infrastructure-related efforts of the VAO, like the VO "Registry" essential for tools to find data, are not at all secure from funding cuts--and cuts --- and  this can put doubt in the minds of astronomers thinking about doing extra work to share their data. In 2008, Microsoft Research released a free software package named "WorldWide Telescope" (WWT), in honor of Szalay and Gray's 2001 vision. Today, WWT, which uses a large amount of infrastructure established under the NVO and VAO grants, and connects to many services developed outside the US (under the "International Virtual Observatory Alliance" standards) is probably the best US-origin implementation of the Virtual Observatory vision. The combination of tools offered by the Centre de Données Donnees  astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS; \url {http://cds.u-strasbg.fr}) also offer excellent access to VO services. Many data sets from NASA and other large survey providers are available within WWT and CDS tools, and astronomers can offer their own data in these frameworks as well, but uptake is still slower than one might imagine. An example of a medium-size survey (COMPLETE; see \url {http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/COMPLETE/data_html_pages/data.html})being {http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/COMPLETE/data_html_pages/data.html}) being  served at a research group's web site using an HTML5 WWT client is at \url {http://www.worldwidetelescope.org/complete/wwtcoveragetool5.htm}. A summary of the usage and functionality of WWT in research and education is offered in \citet {2012ASPC..461..267G}. Thus, despite the existence of global infrastructure initiatives, led by a mix of government and corporate funds, and despite the publication of numerous guidelines and manifestos on the topic \cite{manifesto,tenrules}, the practices of data sharing, data archiving, and data citation in the astronomical community are far from being widely known.  The authors of this article are involved in a project project, in conjunction with this study,  that both educates astronomers on data management practices and provides a technical solution to these problems. The approach on which the project is built is rather different than that of the Virtual Observatory. Rather than attempting to build a framework and a related set of standards and protocols, we focused on the implementation of an easy-to-use tool that can solve an immediate problem: the storage, citation, and discovery of secondary data in astronomy. In other words, we have found with this study that many astronomers today have derived data that "does not fit" in a scholarly paper. Where can they store these data upon publication with a certainty that they can be retrieved, cited and discovered?     The  technical solution we developed  involves the use of the Dataverse Network (\url{http://thedata.org/}), a web application for sharing, citing, and archiving social science data, repurposed for astronomical data (\url{http://theastrodata.org/}). The projects intends to achieve two main goals, both critical in data sharing: \begin{enumerate}  \item a central repository where (small) astronomy data sets can be deposited and archived for long term access, and