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Alfredo A. Correa edited The_recent_measurement_cite_Cantero_2009__.tex
over 8 years ago
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The recent measurement \cite{Cantero_2009} by slow ($v \geq 0.1~\mathrm{a.u.}$) $\mathrm{H^+}$ in $\mathrm{Cu}$ reveals the stopping due to conduction band electronic excitation at lower velocity.
The combined effects of both the free electrons and the loosely bound $d$ electrons causes a change of the slope\cite{Goebl_2013}.
This study supports this even down to $v = 0.02 ~\mathrm{a.u.}$ (see Figure \ref{fig:log_stopping_power}).
The experimental results of Nomura and Kiyota \cite{Nomura_1975} on $\mathrm{H^+ + Cu}$ film show the dependence of $S_\text{e}$ on incident velocity agrees with the calculation of Lindhard
{\emph et al} \emph{et al.} \cite{Lindhard_Scharff_Schiott}.
In the low energy region the energy loss in metal is due to the excitation of a portion of electrons around the Fermi level to empty states in the conducting band. But at higher energies, a minimum momentum transfer of the projectile is possible due to its short duration close to the target.
In this region the electronic curve has a maximum due to the limited response time of target electrons to the projectile ions.
In this paper we concentrate in the intermediate regime.