Alfredo A. Correa edited The_recent_measurements_by_Cantero__.tex  over 8 years ago

Commit id: d76fa84708b33fde800f42bc192b031d2f56f893

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In this region the electronic curve has a maximum due to the limited response time of target electrons to the projectile ions.  In this paper we concentrate in the intermediate regime.  The development of time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) \cite{Runge_1984} enhanced the study of many body problems and in particular the problem at hand.   It has enjoyed much consideration owing to its electron dynamics both self-consistency and non-perturbative way \cite{Kohn_1965} and allowed for an atomistic \emph{ab initio} perspective.  Alternative time dependent tight-binding have been proposed as well to overcome size limitations \cite{Mason_2012}.  In studying the role of ion-solid interactions in $\mathrm{H^+ + Al}$, Correa \emph{et al.} \cite{Correa_2012} have shown that the electronic excitations due to molecular dynamics (MD) are quite different from the adiabatic outcome.   Even today the inclusion of non-adiabatic effects in a real calculation poses a challenging problem.   Recently Schleife \emph{et al.} \cite{Schleife_2015} have calculated the electronic stopping $(S_\text{e}$ by $\mathrm{H}$ and $\mathrm{He}$ projectile including non-adiabatic interactions and found that off-channeling trajectories along with the inclusion of semicore electrons enhance $S_\text{e}$ resulting better agreement with the experiment.   In this case we concentrate in a metal with a richer electronic band structure around the Fermi energy.  In this paper we will address the problem of theoretical calculation of electronic stopping of protons in crystalline $\mathrm{Cu}$ in a wide range of velocities comprising the whole range of available experimental points.   We perform our calculations by directly simulating the process of a proton traversing a crystal of $\mathrm{Cu}$ atoms, producing individual and collective electronic excitations within the TDDFT framework \cite{Correa_2012,Schleife_2012,Schleife_2014}.