Alfredo A. Correa edited Recently_from_a_phenomenological_point__.tex  over 8 years ago

Commit id: 8262b2796beb90b046086ca227cb96dd26bfd314

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\textsc{Srim} \cite{Ziegler_2010} provides both fitted model for electronic stopping as well as a large set of experimental points, at low velocities both experiment and the fitted models becomes more scarce.   The recent measurements by Cantero \emph{et al.} \cite{Cantero_2009} and by Markin \emph{et al.} \cite{Markin_2009} of slow ($v \leq 0.6~\mathrm{a.u.}$) $\mathrm{H^+}$ in $\mathrm{Cu}$, although disagreeing with each other in absolute scale by 40\% (Fig. \ref{fig:stopping_power}), reveal the stopping due to conduction band electronic excitation at lower velocity, evidenced as a change in slope.   The combined effects of both the free electrons and the loosely bound $\mathrm{d}$ electrons $\mathrm{d}$-electrons  causes a change of the slope \cite{Goebl_2013}. This %This  study supports this even down to $v = 0.02 ~\mathrm{a.u.}$ (see Figure \ref{fig:log_stopping_power}). %The experimental results of Nomura and Kiyota \cite{Nomura_1975} on $\mathrm{H^+ + Cu}$ film show the dependence of $S_\text{e}$ on incident velocity agrees with the calculation of Lindhard \emph{et al.} \cite{Lindhard_Scharff_Schiott}.   In the low energy region the energy loss in metal is due to the excitation of a portion of electrons around the Fermi level to empty states in the conducting band. But at higher energies, a minimum momentum transfer of the projectile is possible due to its short duration close to the target.   In this region the electronic curve has a maximum due to the limited response time of target electrons to the projectile ions.