Alfredo A. Correa edited Recently_from_a_phenomenological_point__.tex  over 8 years ago

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Using a single formula with fewer parameters Haque \emph{et al.} \cite{Haque_2015} have reported proton stopping power with encouraging results. For example, at their lowest reported velocity $v = 0.6 ~\mathrm{a.u.}$, their results are within $\sim 15\%$ of our \emph{ab initio} findings for $\mathrm{H}$ in $\mathrm{Cu}$.   \textsc{Srim} \cite{Ziegler_2010} provides both fitted model for electronic stopping as well as a large set of experimental points, at low velocities both experiment and the fitted models becomes more scarce.   The recent measurements by Cantero \emph{et al.} \cite{Cantero_2009} and by Markin \emph{et al.} \cite{Markin_2009} of slow ($v \leq 0.6~\mathrm{a.u.}$) $\mathrm{H^+}$ in $\mathrm{Cu}$, although disagreeing with each other in absolute scale by 40\% $\sim 40\%$  (Fig. \ref{fig:stopping_power}), both  reveal the stopping due to conduction band electronic excitations at lower velocity, evidenced as a change in slope. The combined effects of both the free electrons and the loosely bound $\mathrm{d}$-electrons causes the change of the slope \cite{Goebl_2013}.  %This study supports this even down to $v = 0.02 ~\mathrm{a.u.}$ (see Figure \ref{fig:log_stopping_power}).   %The experimental results of Nomura and Kiyota \cite{Nomura_1975} on $\mathrm{H^+ + Cu}$ film show the dependence of $S_\text{e}$ on incident velocity agrees with the calculation of Lindhard \emph{et al.} \cite{Lindhard_Scharff_Schiott}.