Edwin E. Quashie edited section_Introduction_The_interaction_of__.tex  over 8 years ago

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\cite{Komarov_2013,Patel_2003,Caporaso_2009,Odette_2005}.   When a fast ion moves through a solid, it loses kinetic energy due to the excitations of the target electrons and the path of their trajectory.   This energy-loss phenomenon plays an important role in many experimental studies involving radiation in solids, surfaces and nanostructures \cite{Chenakin_2006,Figueroa_2007,Markin_2008,Kaminsky_1965,Lehmann_1978,Sigmund_2014,Nastasi_1996}.   In particular, the condensed matter community has introduced sophisticated computer simulation techniques for this fundamentally non-adiabatic problem as spearheader by Echenique \emph{et al.}\cite{Echenique_1989}. al.} ~\cite{Echenique_1989}.