Alfredo A. Correa edited Among_the_measurable_quantities_associated__.tex  over 8 years ago

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Fermi and Teller \cite{Fermi_1947} using electron gas models had reported electronic stopping for various targets.   The Bethe formula for stopping has been studied in details by Lindhard and Winther \cite{Lindhard_Winther} on the basis of the generalized linear-response theory.   All these models require ad-hoc assumptions or are valid at different limits for studying stopping processes.   In the low energy region the energy loss in metal is due to the excitation of a portion of electrons around the Fermi level to empty states in the conducting band. But band  at higher energies, a minimum momentum transferof the projectile is possible due to its short duration close to the target. In this region the electronic curve has a maximum  due to the limited response time of target electrons to the projectile ions. In this paper we concentrate in theintermediate  near and below  the maximum and the low energy regime for $\mathrm{H}$ in $\mathrm{Cu}$. A unified \emph{ab initio} theoretical approach suitable for different projectiles and energies is in its developing stages \cite{Pruneda_2009,Schleife_2015,Ullah_2015}.  For calculating electronic stopping and radiation damage in metals there are few reviews (for example, Ref.~\cite{Race_2010} and references therein).