Alfredo A. Correa edited section_Computational_and_Theoretical_Details__.tex  over 8 years ago

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The energy transfered to the electrons of the host atom ($\mathrm{Cu}$) from a constant velocity moving proton is carefully monitored. The energy loss of the proton is negligible hence total energy of the system is not conserved. This is because at the time scales of the simulations, the large mass of the proton guarantees a negligible decline in its velocity. As the proton moves, the time-dependent Kohn-Sham (TDKS) equation\cite{Runge_1984} describes electronic density and energy of the system due to the dynamics of effective single particle states under the external potential generated by the proton and the crystal of Cu nuclei. The TDKS equation can be written as (Hartree atomic units are used here):  \begin{equation}  \text{i}\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi_{i}(\textbf t}\psi_{i}(\textbf  r, t) = \left\{-\hbar^2\frac{1}{2}\nabla^{2 m} \left\{-\hbar^2\frac{\nabla^2}{2m}  + V_\text{KS}[n](\mathbf R(t), \mathbf r, t)\right\}\Psi_i(\textbf t)\right\}\psi_i(\textbf  r, t) \label{eq:tdks1}   \end{equation}