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It is poorly understood how environmental factors affect What determines  which members of the planktonic microbial community, a complex milieu of phototrophic and heterotrophic organisms, colonize new surfaces to form biofilms, a common microbial lifestyle. lifestyle, is poorly understood.  In plankton and biofilm communities, heterotrophic bacteria (hereafter bacteria) derive some to all of their organic carbon (C) from the photoautotrophs (hereafter algae) while simultaneously competing for inorganic nutrients such as phosphorus (P). Therefore, C inputs have the potential to shift the competetive balance of aquatic microbial communities by increasing the resource space available to heterotrophic bacteria (more C) while decreasing the resource space available to algae (less P due to increased competition from bacteria). To test how resource dynamics such as these affect membership of planktonic communities and assembly of biofilm communities we amended a series of flow-through mesocosms with C and P to achieve four target resource C:P levels. Each mesoscosm was fed with unfiltered sea water and incubated with uncolonized glass substrate for biofilm formation. We asked if resource amendments altered the size of the biomass pool of bacteria and/or algae in both plankton and biofilm communities. We then used 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S and 23S plastid genes to ask how shifts in the pool size of each community affected community membership and structure. We saw pronounced differences between the highest carbon treatment and all other treatments. The highest carbon treatment had the lowest planktonic algal abundance yet highest planktonic bacterial abundance and highest biofilm biomass. Resource amendments did not have a significant effect on alpha diversity in either the planktonic or biofilm communities. Rather the biofilm communities consistently had higher alpha diversity than the planktonic communities in all mesocosms. Bacterial plankton and biofilm membership was distinct in all but the highest C treatment where biofilm and planktonic communities increasingly resembled each other over time. Unlike the bacteria, algal biofilm and plankton communities displayed distinct microbial membership and structure in all treatments including the highest C treatment. Our results suggest that broad ecological dynamics (e.g. shifts in dominance between algal and bacterial biomass) driven by shifts in resource availability have the potential to alter community memberhsip and structure, however microbial lifestyle (biofilm or planktonic) places the strongest selection pressure for contraints on  community assembly across a broad range of resource environments.