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% Fakesubsubsection:In a crude sense, biofilm and planktonic microbial
In a crude sense, biofilm and planktonic microbial communities divide into two
key groups: oxygenic phototrophs including eukaryotes and cyanobacteria
(hereafter "photoautotrophs"), and,
heterotrophs. heterotrophic bacteria. This dichotomy,
admittedly an abstraction, can be a powerful paradigm for understanding
community shifts across ecosystems of varying trophic state
\citep{Cotner_2002}.
Heterotrophic bacteria Heterotrophs meet some to all of their organic carbon (C)
requirements from photoautotroph produced C while simultaneously competing with
photoautotrophs for limiting nutrients such as phosphorous (P) \citep{379}. The
presence of external C inputs, such as terrigenous C leaching from the
watershed \citep{Jansson_2008, Karlsson_2012} or C exudates derived from
macrophytes \citep{Stets_2008, Stets_2008b}, can alleviate
bacterioplankton heterotroph reliance
on photoautotroph derived C and shift the
bacterioplankton-photoautotroph heterotroph-photoautotroph
relationship from commensal and competitive to strictly competitive
\citep[see][Figure~\ref{fig:conceptual}]{Stets_2008}. Assuming this mechanism,
increased C supply should increase the resource space available to the
bacteria heterotroph and lead to increased competition for mineral nutrients, decreasing
nutrients available for photoautotrophs {\textendash} assuming that
bacteria heterotroph
are superior competitors for limiting nutrients as has been observed
\citep[see][Figure~\ref{fig:conceptual}]{COTNER_1992}. These dynamics should
result in the increase in
bacterial heterotroph biomass relative to the photoautotroph
biomass along a gradient of increasing labile C inputs. We refer to this
differential allocation of limiting resources among components of the microbial
community as niche partitioning, in reference to the n-dimensional resource
space available to members of the microbial community.
% Fakesubsubsection:While these gross level dynamics have been discussed
While these gross level dynamics have been discussed conceptually
\citep{Cotner_2002} and to some extent demonstrated empirically
\citep{Stets_2008}, the effect that these shifts in the bulk biomass pool have
on membership and structure of the photoautotroph and
heterotrophic bacterial
community has not been directly evaluated in planktonic or biofilm communities.
In addition, how dynamics in planktonic communities are propagated to biofilms
during community assembly is not well understood. We designed this study to
test a) if C subsidies shifted the biomass balance between autotrophs and
heterotrophs within the biofilm or its seed pool (the plankton) and b) measure
how these putative changes in pool size altered membership and structure of the
plankton communities and affected recruitment of plankton during biofilm
community assembly. To do so, we amended marine mesocosms with varying levels
of labile C input and evaluated differences in photoautotroph and
heterotrophic
bacterial biomass in plankton and biofilm samples along the C gradient. In each
treatment we characterized plankton and biofilm community composition by DNA
sequencing 16S rRNA genes and plastid 23S rRNA genes.