David Koes edited section_Search_Pharmit_provides_two__.tex  about 8 years ago

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\subsection{Pharmacophore/Shape Search}  If the primary query is the pharmacophore query, the selected database is searched for compounds that match the specified pharmacophore using the Pharmer \cite{Koes_2011} search technology. Pharmer has comparable virtual screening performance to other pharmacophore methods \cite{Sanders_2012} but is orders of magnitude faster.  Results are aligned to the pharmacophore to minimize the root mean squared deviation (RMSD) between the query features and the hit compound features. Results are sorted with respect to this pharmacophore RMSD. An example of a pharmacophore-oriented search is shown in Figure~\ref{pharmfig}. If a shape query is also present, then the shape constraints are applied to the pharmacophore-aligned pose; only heavy atom centers are compared to the shape constraints. That is, the pharmacophore-aligned results are filtered to ensure that hits have at least one heavy atom center that falls within the inclusive shape and no heavy atom center that falls within the exclusive shape. With this modality, the exclusive shape is generally the most useful, as it provides a way to eliminate compounds that match the pharmacophore but have significant steric clashes with the receptor.  Due to the importance and increased specificity of the interactions specified by a pharmacophore, pharmacophore search followed by shape filtering is the default and recommended search modality.   \subsection{Shape/Pharmacophore Search}  If the primary query is the shape query, VAMS \cite{vams} is used to search a shape index \cite{matchpack} for matches. In this case, all Although VAMS does not exhibit as good virtual screening performance as more expensive methods, such as ROCS \cite{Hawkins_2007}, it is orders of magnitude faster and serves as an effective shape-based pre-screen \cite{vams}.  With VAMS,  molecules are pre-aligned to their moments of inertia and hits are aligned to the moments of inertia of the query. Molecular shapes are computed using the solvent excluded volume and are stored at a 0.5{\AA} resolution. A shape matches the query if, in its aligned position, the \textit{entirety} of the inclusive shape constraint is contained within the shape while no part of the shape overlaps the exclusive shape. This is a more stringent requirement than that which is imposed when the shape query is used as a filter to a pharmacophore search. Matching compounds are sorted with respect to their Tanimoto shape similarity with the query ligand. An example of a shape-oriented search is shown in Figure~\ref{shapefig}.  If a pharmacophore query is present, it is used to filter the shape-aligned results. In this case, the pharmacophore features of the hit compound must fall within the tolerance spheres of the pharamacophore query with the compound in the shape-aligned pose. That is, a compound that would match a pharmacophore query if the query were the primary query may still be filtered out.